.P45
1888a

OKI 24

.P45

1888a

Gray Herbarium

Purchase

August 1970

FLORA OF VERMONT.

G. H. PERKINS.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY HERBARIUM.

THE GIFT OF

-77 '

FROM THE TENTH REPORT OF STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE,

CATALOGUE

OF THE

FLORA OF VERMONT,

INCLUDING

PH^NOGAMOUS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMOUS
PLA.NTS GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION.

GEORGE H. PERKINS, Ph. D.,

PROFESSOR OF NATURAL HISTORY,

UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT.

BURLINGTON :

FREE PRESS ASSOCIATION,

v»fs i r^-

?4-5

FLORA OF VERMONT.

In the Vermont Agricultural Report published in 1882 there is
A General Catalogue of the Flora of Vermont, which was pre-
pared by the writer, but, through misunderstanding on the part of
the state printer, the list was hastened through the press before
the proof had been properly revised, and as a consequence, it con-
tains very numerous errors. For this reason, and also because the
nomenclature of the former list needed revision and other changes
were advisable, the author gladly availed himself of the opportu-
nity afforded him by the Secretary of the present Board of Agricul-
ture to issue a hst of the plants of the State that shall by reason of
its greater accuracy be of greater value to botanists. Had it been
possible to have had more space at his command the author would
very gladly have prepared a much more full account of the flora of
the State, and given more detailed notes upon the habitat, etc.,
of different species. As it is the following list should be re-
garded as provisional, to serve such use as it may until one more
complete and full shall take its place.

In the foimer catalogue sundry species are found which were
then believed to rest upon good authority, but a more careful ex-
amination of the facts has led to their rejection as, some of them
certainly, and probably all, are not found in this State. These
species are

Trollius laxus, Sal.
Dentaria heterophylla, Nutt.
Cerastium vulgatum, L.
Geranium dissectum, L.
Hydrangea arborescens, L.
Myriophyllum verticillatum, L.
Epilobium alpinum, L.
Vernonia Noveboracensis, Wild.
Gaylussaccia frondosa, T and G.
Azalea viscosa, L.
Phlox subulata, L.
Juglans nigra, L.

Betula pumila. L.
Betula glandulosa, Mx.
Pinus mitis, Mx.
Cupressus thyoides, L.
Cyperus filiculmis, Vahl.
Scirpus sylvaticus, L.
Rhynchospora fusca, R and L.
Carex bullata, Sch.
Carex striata, Mx.
Carex trichocarpa, Muhl.
Poa alpina, L.
Isoetes lacustris, L.

A few other species which are regarded as more or less uncertain
are given with the authority upon which they rest and are marked
as doubtful.

The genera are arranged substantially as given in Hooker and
Bentham's Genera Plantarum. The Polypetalae are named as in
Watson's Index to North American Botany, and the Gamopetalae
are arranged as in the Synoptical Flora, 2d ed. In some cases, as
indicated by foot notes, more recent revisions of some of the genera
have been followed, as has Dr. Vasey's Grasses of the United
States for Graminese and Bailey's Synopsis or North American
Carices, {Proc. Am. Acad. Vol. XXII, pp. 59-151,) for the genus
Carex.* In all cases in which the name given in Gray's Manual has
been changed, the old name follows in parenthesis. Aside from
very important assistance rendered directly by individuals, as indi-
cated on a following page, the materials chiefly used in the prepara-
tion of this list are Oakes' Catalogue of Plants, published in 1842
in Thompson's Vermont ; Prof. J. Torrey's continuation of the same
list, published in 1853, in the Appendix to Thompson's Vermont ; a
brief manuscript list of plants found in Southern Vermont, pre-
pared not long before his death by Mr. C C. Frost, of Brattleboro;
and the herbarium of the University of Vermont collected largely
by Prof. Joseph Torrey.

The flora of Vermont has long been attractive to botanists, and
from the time of Pursh, who collected about Mansfield and else-
where in 1807, to the present time the State has, from time to time,
been more or less fully explored. Oakes tells us that the earliest
list which can be regarded as giving anything like a full account of
Vermont plants as then known, is that of Dr. E. James, which con-
tains 569 species, mostly from the immediate vicinity of Middlebury.
Dr. James prepared this hst, as President E. Brainerd tells me, in
his earlier manhood and before he had acquired the botanical skill
to which he afterwards attained, and, although of great value, it
nevertheless must be used with care, as it contains undoubted
errors. This list was published in Hall's Statistical Account of
THE Town of Middlebury. During the year 1820, Dr. J. W. Bobbins,
of Uxbridge, Mass., made several expeditions through portions of
the State, and collected many species of plants. In 1831, John
Carey moved to Bellows Falls, and for some years after studied the
botany of Vermont very diligently. While in college at Burlington,
1835-1839, W. F. Macrae — and about the same time, as well as later,
— Prof. Edward Tuckerman, of Amherst, Mass., added much to
the knowledge of the botany of the State by their explorations.
Mr. William Oakes, of Ipswich, Mass., whose list has been men-
tioned, brought together in that work many of the results of the
labors of those named, as well as his own. Later, Prof. Torrey
at Burlington, and Mr. Frost at Brattleboro, continued the in-
vestigation of our flora while, during the last ten years, undoubt-
edly the most thorough scrutiny of many portions of Vermont

♦See also list of corrections, Torrey Bulletin, XII, p 261.

which they have ever received, has been made by Mr. C. G. Pringle
of Charlotte, through whose labors a considerable number of species
new not only to this State, but to the United States, have been
made known. President Ezra Brainerd, of Middlebury College,
has also done very much to increase the knowledge of Vermont
botany, by his extended and thorough investigations, carried on
especially in Addison county, and, while disclaiming for these two
gentlemen any responsibility for whatever errors the following
list contains, I would in simple justice acknowledge very gratefully
their constant and most important assistance throughout its prepar
ation. Very much of the accuracy and value of the list is due to
theu' co-operation. To Prof. H. G. Jessup, of Hauover, N. H., and
Di-. P. Blanchard, of Peacham, Vt., I am greatly indebted for
information respecting the plants of the Connecticut Eiver valley.
Rev. Thomas Morong has very kindly given assistance in the nom-
enclature of the Niadaceae and other groups in which he is an
especial authority. Acknowledgements are also due to Mr. F. H.
Hosford, of Charlotte, Rev. J. A. Bates, of Williston, Mr. P. H.
Herri ck, and Mr. Lucius Bigelow, for notes concerning numerous
species. In some cases definite localities are given, not because the
species is found nowhere else, but for the benefit of botanists
who may wish to collect or study the plants.

Several botanical areas are found within the limits of Vermont.
In the Champlain Valley there is a considerable group of western
species not found elsewhere in New England. Canadian plants
cross the border and find congenial situations in the northern
counties and, scattered over the state most of the usual New Eng-
land plants, with the exception of those requiring a seaside habitat,
may be found, while the summits of the higher mountains afford
suitable conditions for the growth of a small group of Alpine plants,
some of which are of much interest. "WhUe, as has been indicated,
some portions of Vermont have been very carefully explored, it is
yet true that other portions still wait for the botanist who shall
thoroughly examine them and, although the total area of the state
is small as compared with most other states, we may t( el confident
that future investigations will add no inconsiderable number of
species to the present list. This is probably especially true of the
southern and southwestern part of the state, for a number of species
are reported from Massachusetts and New York, some of them
growing near the Vermont border, which f-hould be found this side
of it, but which have not yet been reported by our botanists.
Vermont abounds in small lakes and ponds, many of which have
never been explored by botanists with any degree of completeness,
and this may also be said of numerous mountain sides, ravines,
gorges and ledges. On the other hand a decrease in species must
be expected from the extinction of some of the plants forming what
may be regarded as the original flora of the state. A marked
change is already taking place in the Willoughby region, long re-
nowned among lovers of rare plants, and it is probable that through

the removal of the forests and other "improvements" the fame of
that region will ere long depart. The same is true of other areas,
indeed, wherever the woods are being cut away, the swamps
drained, and similar changes going forward, it must follow that the
botanical riches of the region diminish. Another change in the flora
is going on here as elsewhere because of the introduction of
western and other plants in grass seed. Even during so short a
period as the last ten years there has been a marked change in the
aspect of many acres of meadow and grass land as Rudbeckias,
Hieraciums, and similar plants have not only appeared, but so in-
creased as when in bloom to change the appearance of the fields in
which they have become located. In a much less degree the flora
is increased by the escape from gardens from time to time of species
which are able to care for themselves and lead a sort of vagrant life
by roadsides or about dwellings. In these ways our flora is chang-
ing and on the whole increasing. In Oakes' catalogue of 1842 there
are enumerated 929 species, to which Prof. Torrey's list of 1853
adds 105 species, making in all 1034. Quite a number of these
must be erased as erroneovis, either in identification or classification,
so that if the list were revised according to the views of the
botanist of to-day, it would not contain many more than 1000
species. The present list contains 13G0 species and varieties in-
cluded in 479 orders. The species are found in the following great
groups : Polypetalse, 372 ; Gamopetalae, 360 ; Apetalae, 133 ; Mono
cotyledons, 409 ; Gymnospermae, 15 ; Pteridophytes, 72. 184 of
the species are trees or shrubs, 110 are introduced and are dis-
tinguished by the use of small capitals in printing the names.

For the covenience of botanists wishing to compare our flora
with that of other regions, the statistics of a few of the larger orders
and genera are added in the following tables, varieties being included
in species :

Order.

Cyperacepe ..,
CompositoB...
Gramineae . . .

Rosaceae ,

Orchidacese .

Ericaceae

Labiatae

Leguminosae

Cruciferae

Ranunculuceae....

Native

Total

Genera

Species

Species

10

153

153

35

105

124

46

96

113

14

50

55

15

44

44

18

39

39

21

32

38

14

29

38

15

21

36

10

31

33

Order.

Genera

ScrophulariacefE 13

Polygonacasj 3

17

2

Liliaceae
Salicaceae
Naidaceae
Caryopbyllaceae. i 10

Umbelliferae ' 14

Caprifoliacece.... 7

JuDcaceae ,
Saxifragaceaj.

Native Total
Species Species

28
22
27
19
22
11
19
18
18
16

32
29
28
26
22
21
20
19
18
17

"The number of species in each of twenty most numerous genera
is as follows :

Genera.

Carex

Aster

Solidago

Potamogeton
Polygonum..,

Salix

Juncus

Viola

Scirpus

Habenaria ....

Whole

Native

Number

Species.

of

Species.

109

109

26

26

22

22

20

20

18

20 1

14

19 ;

15

15 ll

14

15 ii

14

14

12

12

Genera.

Ranunculus
Panicum....

Poa

Asclepias. ..

Rumex

Quercus

Anemone...
Viburnum..
Hypericum ,
Veronica.. .

Native
Species.

10

Wliole
Number

of
Species.

12

11

9

Catalogue of TPlants.

DICOTYLEDONS.

RANUNOULACEiE.

1. Clematis, L.

O. verticillaris, D. C. Purple Clematis, Atragene.

Nowhere abundant, but found in several localities near Burling-
ton. Also at Lake Dunmore, Brainerd ; Windsor, Leland,
and in other places.
0. Virginiana, L- Common Clematis.

Common along streams and in damp places.
0. viorna, L.

This is reported in Appendix to Thompson's Vermont as " found

at Castleton, by Mrs. J. Carr." Mr. C. C Frost found it abun-

' dantly on the New Hampshire side of the Connecticut river,

opposite Brattleboro, but it is doubtfully a Vermont plant.

2. Anemone, L. Anemone.

A. multifida, D- C. Not uncommon near Burlington.

A. cylindrica, Gray. Sparingly in many localities.

A. Virginiana, L. Common.

A. Virginiana, Var alba Wood. Common.

A. dichotoraa, L. ( A Fennsylvanica, L. ) Common.

A. nemorosa, L. Our most common species,

A. hepatica, L. {Hepatiea triloba, Oh.) Liverwort.

very Common.

A. acutiloba, Law. ( Hepatica acutiloha, D. C. ) Common.

3. Anemonella, Spach*

A. thalictroides, Sp. ( Thalictrum anemonoides, Mx.)
Woods chiefly in Southern Vermont. Not common.

4. Thalictrum, Tourn.

T. dioicum, L. Early Meadow Rue. Common in damp soil.
t! cornuti, L. Tall Meadow Rue. Damp Meadows, Common.
*Dr. Gray in Botanical Gazette, xi., 39.

9

5. Ranunculus, L.

R. aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus, Gray White Water
Crowfoot. Not very common. Ponds and sluggish streams.

R. Circinatus, Sibth. {R. divaricatus Sehr.) Water Crow-
foot. Windsor, Leland, Peacham, Blanchard.

R. multifidus, Pursh. Yellow Water Crowfoot. Common.

R. Plammula, L. var. reptans, Meyer.
Lake Champlain and larger streams.

R. abortivus, L. Common.

R. SCeleratus, L. Wet places, not common.

R. recurvatus, Poir. Moist hillsides.

R. Pennsylvanicus, L. Swamps and wet ground. Common.

R. fascicularis, Muhl. Early Crowfoot Dry soil, not common.

R. septentrionalis, Poir. (R. repens in part.) Not common.

R. BULBOsus, L. Hillsides — not uncommon in some places.

R. ACEis, L. Common Buttercup. Very abundant.

6. Caltha, L. Marsh Marigold, Cowslip.
0. paliastris, L. Wet fields and swamps, very common.

7. CopTis, Salisb. Gold thread.
O, trifolia, Salisb. Common in clearing and edges of groves.

8. Aquilegia, Tourn. Columbine. Honey suckle.
A. Canadensis, L.

Common. Sometimes found with white flowers.
A. vulgaris, L. Escaped from cultivation.

9. ACT^A.

A. spicata, L. var. rubra, Mx. Eed Cohosh.
Wooded hillsides, not abundant.

A. alba, Big. White Cohosh.

More common than the preceeding.

10. CiMiciFUGA, L. Snake-root.
0. racemosa, Ell. Eocky woods, rare.

MAGNOLIAOE^.

11. LiKioDENDRON, L. Tulip Tree. Whitewood.
L. tulipifera, L. Found only in Southern Vermont.

MENISPERMAOE^.
12. Menispermum, L. Moon-seed.
M. Oanadense, L. Common, especially northward.

BERBERIDACE-ffl.
13. Beeberis, L.

B. vulgaris, L. Common Barberry.

In old pastures. Not common.

10
14. Caulophyllum, Mx. Pappoose-root.
0. thalictroides, Mx. Common.

15. Podophyllum, L. May Apple.

P. peltatum, L. Southern portion of the State. Not com-
mon except in a few localities.

NYMPHuEACE^.

16. Beasenia, Sch. Water Shield.
B- peltata, Pursh. Not generally common.

17. Nymph^a, Tourn. Pond-lily.

N. odorata, A. Common in ponds.
N. odorata. var. minor, Sims.

Ponds and slow flowing streams.
N. tuberosa, Paine.

"Common-in Lake Champlain and tributaries." — Brainerd.

18. Nuphar, Smith. Yellow Watei'-lily.

N. advena, Ait. Common Yellow Lily. Abundant.
N. rubrodiscum, Morong. {Bot Gazette, XI, p \QL)

Mouth of Missisquoi, Jessup, Otter Creek and Lake Champlain.

Pringle, Brainerd.
N. Kalmianum, Ait. {N. pumilum Cas.)

Lake Champlain, ponds and streams.

SARRACENIAOE^.

19 Sarracenia, Tourn. Pitcher Plant. Side saddle Flower.
S purpurea, L. Common in swamps.

PAPAVERAOE^.
20. Papaver, L. Poppy.

P. DUBIUM, L.

This is sometimes found growing spontaneously in cultivated
grounds, but is not persistent.

21. Chelidonium, L Celandine.

0. majus, L. Not uncommon about dwellings.

22. Sanguinaria, Dill. Blood-root.

S. Canadensis, L.

Not very common in the western part of the State but abun-
dant in the Connecticut river valley.

PUMARIAOEiE.
23. Adlumia, Kaf. Mountain Fringe.
A. cirrhosa, Raf.

11

Not common, but found in numerous localities especially in
the Champlain valley, Middlesex, Brainerd ; Burlington, Per-
kins ; Castleton, and West Haven, Bobbins ; Ludlow, Wash-
burn; Windsor, et.al , Jessup.

24. DiCENTRA, Bork. Squirrel corn.

D, cucullaria, DC.

Not very common, though more so than the next.
D. Canadensis, DC. Not common in most parts of the State.

25. CoRYDALis, Vent.

C glauca, Pursh. Not rare. In most parts of the State more

common than the next.
0. aurea, Willd. Not very common.

26. FUMARIA, L.

F. OFFICINALIS, L. Not vcry common.

ORUOIPERiE.

27. Draba, DC.

D. arabisans, Mx.

Shores and islands of Lake Champlain, Cliffs near Willough-
by Lake ; Snake Mountain and Bristol, Brainerd. Bare.
D. incana, L. Willoughby Mountain, Tuckerman, H. Mann.
D. verna, L. Willoughby Lake. Wood.

28. Nasturtium, E. Br. Cress.

N. palustre, DC. Watercress. Common in wet places.
N. palustre, var. hispidum, F. and M. Borders of Ponds
N. lacustre, Gray. Borders of Otter Creek.
N. SYLVESTRE, R. Br. " Abundant in Norwich and along Connec-
ticut river " Jessup.
N. Armoracea, Fries. Horseradish. Escaped from cultivation.

29. Dentaria, L. Pepper-root.

D. diphylla, L. Common in Connecticut river valley. Not

common in western Vermont.
D. maxima, Nutt. Near Burlington, also other places, rare.
D. laciniata, Muhl. More common than the other species.

30. Cardamine, L. Cress.

0. rhomboidea, DC. Not common.

O. hirsnta, L. Wet places.

0. hirsuta. var. sylvatica, Gray.

Hillsides. Snake mountain, Brainard.
0. pratensis, L.

Chiefly found in northern Vermont, Middlebury, Brainerd.

12

31. Akabis, L. Rock Cress.

A. hirsuta, Scop. Common in wet places.

A. laevigata, DC. Not common. Rocky soil.

A. Canadensis, L. Winooski river, Colchester, Torrey.

A. perfoliata. Law. Rocky soil. Southern part of the state.

A. Drummondii, Gray. Peacham, Blanchard ; Snake mountain,

and common along Lake Champlain, Brainerd.

32. Barbaeea, R. Br. Winter Cress.

B. vulgaris, R- Br. Meadows. Rather common.

B. vulgaris, var. arcuata, Koch. Barnet, Blanchard.

33. Erysimum, L.

E. cheiranthoides, L.

Brattleboro, C. C. Frost. Middlebury, Brainerd.

34. Sisymbrium, L. Hedge Mustard.

S. OFFICINALE, Scop. Common.
S. Thaliana, Gaud. Less common than the first.
S- humile, Meyer. {Arabis petraea. Lam.) Willoughby moun-
tain.

35. Brassica, Tourn. Mustard.

B. SiNAPISTRUM, Bois.

Abundant in grain fields about Middlebury, Brainerd.
B. NIGRA, Koch. Common on cultivated ground.
B. CAMPESTRis, L. Richmond, C. G. Pringle. Abundant about
Peacham, Blanchard.

36. Camelina, Crantz

0. SATivA, Crantz. Old fields. Common.

37. Capsella, Vent. Shepard's Purse.

0- BuESA-PASTORis, Msench. A common weed.

38. Thlaspi, Tourn. Cress.

T. arvense. Monkton, Pringle ; Pomfret, A. P. Morgan ; Middle-
bury, Brainerd.

39. Lepidium, L. Pepper Grass

L. Virginicum, L. Not very common.

'L. euderale, L. Dry soil. Rutland, Pringle: near lake shore,
Burlington. Common in some places.

40. Raphanus, L. Radish.
R. Raphanistrum, L. Old fields ; not common.

41. ISATIS.

1. TiNCTOEiA, L. Banks of Winooski river, near Burlington.

13

OAPPARIDAOE^.

42. PoLANisiA, Kaf.

P. graveolens, Raf. Sandy shores of Lake Champlain. Com-
mon.

OISTAOE.E.

43. Helianthemum, Tourn.

H. Canademse, Mx. Rock Rose. Not uncommon.

44. HuDsoNiA, L.

H. tomentosa, Nutt. Quite abundant on the sandy shore of
Lake Champlain north of Burlington at Porter's Point and
Colchester Point.

45. Lechea, L.

L. major, Mx. Pin-weed. Common on dry soil.
L. minor, Wall. Common.

VIOLACE./E.

46. Viola.* Violet.

V. rotundifolia, Mx. Yellow Violet.

Common in woods along the Green Mountains.
V. blanda, L. White Violet. Meadows. Very common.
V. blanda, L. var. renifolia, Gr. ( V. renifoUa, Gr.) Common

in woods and swamps. Addison county ; Norwich, Jessup.
V. Selkirkii, Gold. Cedar swamps and mountain woods.
V. palmata, L. Blue Violet. Less common than the variety.
V. palmata, L. var. cucuUata, Gray. (F. cucullata, Ait.)

Common Blue Violet. Very abundant in wet places.
V. sagitatta. Ait. Blue Violet. Rocky woods.
V. pedata, L. Bird foot Violet. Brattleboro, Frost.
V. canina, L. var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. {V. canina, var.

sylvestris, Reg.) Not common.
V. rostrata, Pursh. Spurred Violet.

Addison countj^ Brainerd, and elsewhere.
V. striata, Muhl. Shaded hillsides about Burlington.
V. Canadensis, L. Common.
V. pubescens, Ait. Yellow Violet. Common.
V. pubescens. Ait. var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Common.
V. TRi-coLOR, H. var. arvensis, H. Common Pansy. Escaped

from gardens.
V. lanceolata, L. and V. primulaefolia, L. These should

be found in southern Vermont.

POLYGALAOE^.

42. PoLYGALA, Tourn.
P, verticillata, L. Near Bellows Falls, not common.

♦Revision of N. A. Violets, Dr. Gray, Bot. Gazette, XI, pp. 253-289.

14

P, ambigua, Nutt. Not common.

P. sanguinea, L. "Windsor Leland," Jessup. Not common.

P. Senega, L. Seneca Snake Eoot. Not common.

P. polygama, Walt. Common.

P. paucifolia, Willd. Twin Sisters. Fringed Polygala. Com-

OARYOPHYLLAOE^.

43. DiANTHUS, L. Pink.
D, Akmeria, L. Not very abundant.

44. Saponaeia, L. Bouncing Bet.
S. OFFICINALIS, L, Common by roadsides and about old buildings.

45. SiLENE, L. Catch-fly.

S» iNFLATA, Sm. Common in some localities.
S. antirrhina, L. Not common.
S. NocTiFLOEA, L. Commou.

46. Lychnis. Corn Cockle.

L. VESPEETINA, Sib. Pcacliam, rare. Blanchard.

L. GiTHAGo, Lam. Not common. Basin Harbor. Perkins.

47. Ceeastium, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

O. viscosDM, L. Common everywhere.
0. arvense, L.

Monkton, C. G. Pringle. "Rocky pastures north of Windsor,
Flint. Snake Mountain, Brainerd.
0. nutans, Baf. Moist places.

48. Stellakia, L. Chickweed.

S. media, Sm. Common Chickweed.

S. longifolia, Muhl. Common.

S. borealis, Big. Mountains.

S. graminea. Monkton, C. G. Pringle. Middlebury, Brauierd.

49. Arenaeia, L.

A. SERPYLLiFOLiA, L. Sandwort. Sandy soil.

A. Michauxii, Hoff. ( A. Stricta, Mx.) Cliffs. Common.

A. verna, L. Var. hirta. Fenz. Smuggler's Notch, Pringle.

Nearly extinct.
A. Groeniandica, Sp. Mountain summits. Common.
A. lateriflora, L. Damp woods.

50. Sagina.

S. procumbens, L. Pearl wort.

Brattleboro, Frost. Peacham, Blanchard.

15

51. Speegula, L.
S. AEVENSis, L. Grain fields.

PARONY0HIE.E.

52. Anychia, Mx.

A. dichotoma, Mx. Rocks near Burlington, not common.

PORTULAOACEuE.

53. PoRTULACA, Tourn.
P. OLERACEA, L. Purslanc. Far too common.

54. Claytonia, L. Spring Beauty.

C. Virginica, L. Not common.

0. Caroliniana, Mx. More common than the first.

HYPERICACE^.*

55. HYPERICUM, L. St. Johnswort.

H. Ascyron, L. {II. pyramidatum, Ait.)

Not common. Middlebury, Brainerd. Burlington, Perkins.

H. ellipticum, Hook. Common.

H. PERFORATUM, L. Common.

H. maculatum, Wall. {H. corymhosum, Muhl.) Common.
( H. mutilum, L. Common in Eastern Vermont.
>^, H. mu^tilum, L., var. gymnanthum. Gray.
St. Albans Bay, Brainerd.

H. Canadense, L. Not common. Barnet, Blanchard.

H. Sarothra, Mx. Brattleboro, Frost.

56. Elodes. Adans.

E. campanulata, Pursh. {Elodes Virginica, Nutt.)
Swamps, common.

MALVACE^.

57. Malva, L. Mallow.

M. ROTUNDiEOLiA, L. Comtnon in door yards everywhere.
M. SYLVESTRis, L. Occurs sparingly in many places.
M. MOSCHATA, L. Established in Peacham, Blanchard.
M. CRISPA, L. Peacham, rare, Blanchard. Middlebury, com-
mon weed in many gardens, Brainerd.

58. Abutilon, Tourn. Velvet Leaf.
A. AvicENN^, Gsert. Waste places, not common.

*(Revision of N. A. Hypericese, Coulter, Botan. Gaz. XI,
pp. 78-106.)

16

TILIAOE^.

59. TiLiA, L. Linden. Basswood.
T. Americana, L. Common.

LINACE-aS.
60. LiNUM, L. Flax.
L. Virginianum L. Dry woods. Pownal, Eobbins.

L. USITATISSIMUM, L.

Old fields. Grows spontaneously, but is not persistent.

GERANIACE.E.

61. Geranium, L. Cranesbill.

G. maculatum, L. Common.

O. Carolinianum, L. Not very common.

G. Robertianum, L. Not rare.

62. Erodium, L'Her.

E. cicutarium, L. Ludlow, Miss Pollard. A garden weed.

63. Floerkea, Willd.

F. proserpinacoides, Willd. Shelburne, Pringle.

64. OxALis, L. Sorrel.
O. Acetosella, Pink Oxalis. Mountain woods. Common.
O. violacea, L. Cavendish, Dr. Graves.

0. corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. {O. stricta, Z..)

Common Yellow Sorrell.

65. Impatiens, L. Balsam. Ladies Jewels.

1. pallida, Nutt. Less common than the next species.
I. fulva, Nutt. Common in wet places.

RUTAOE^.

66. Xanthoxylum, Cald. Prickly Ash.
X. Americanum, Mill. Not common.

ILICINE^.
(Aquifoliaceae.)
67. Ilex, L. Black Alder.
I. verticillata, Gray. Swamps. Not Common.
I. laevigata, Gray. Not common.

68. Nemopanthes, Raf. Mountain Holly.
N. Oanadenses, D. C. Damp woods and swamps.

17
OELASTRAOE^.

69. Celastrus, L. Bittersweet.

0. scandens, L.

Common throughout the state especially in rocky soil.

70. EuoNYMus. Burning Bush.

E. atropurpureus, Jacq. Common in cultivation, wild in Can-
ada, and may be found wild in Vermont.

RHAMNAOEJE.

71. Rhamnus. Buckthorn.

R. CATHAETiCA, L. Not Common.
R. alnifolia, L'Her. Swamps.

72. Ceanothus.

0. Americanus, L. Common in dry soil.

0. Ovatus, Desf. ( G. Ovalis, Big, )

Common near Burlington on sandy shores of Lake Cham-
plain.

VITAOEiB.

73. ViTis. Grape Vine.

V. Labrusca, L. (Fox Grape) Thickets. Common. Sharon
and elsewhere, Jessup, probably introduced.

V. aestivalis, Mx. Common.

V. riparia, Mx. ( Frost Grape. )

Common along river banks and elsewhere.

V. COrdifolia, Mx. This species is reported from this State,
but its occurrence is very doubtful.

74. Ampelopsis. Woodbine.

A. quinquefolia, Mx. Very common.

SAPINDAOE^.

75. Staphylea, L. Bladder Nut.

S. trifolia, L. Not common.

76. Acer, Tourn. Maple.

A. Pennsylvanicum, L. Moose Wood. Common.
A. spicatum, Lam. Mountain Maple.

Common on rocky hillsides.
A. saccharinum, Wang. Sugar Maple. Common.
A. saccharinum, var, nigrum, Gray.

Less common than the species. Middlebury, Brainerd
A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. White Maple.

Not very common in most parts of the state.
A. rubrum, L. Red Maple. Swamps. Not uncommon.

3

18

77. Negundo, Mcench. Box Elder.

N. aceroides, Moench. Not common.

78. ^scuLus, L.

^. HippocASTANUM, L. Horse Chestnut. This has in some places
escaped from cultivation and become estabhshed.

ANAOARDIAOE^.

79. Rhus, L. Sumach.

R. typhina, L. Hillsides. Common.

R. glabra, L. Hillsides. Less common.

R. copallina, L. Not common. Salisbury, Brainerd.

R. venenata, D. C. Poison Sumach. Swamj)s. Not common.

R. Toxicondendron, L. Poison Ivy. Common.

R. aromatica. Ait. Not common. Snake Mountain, Brainerd.

LEGUMINOS^.

80. LupiNus, Tourn. Lupine.

L. perennis, L.

Common on sandy soil — sometimes with white flowers.

81. Medicago, L.

M. SATivA, L. Lucerne.

Pomfret, Morgan. Peacham, Blanchard. Middlebury,

Brainerd.
M. LUPULiNA, L. South Hero. Middlebury, Brainerd.

82. Melilotus, Tourn. Sweet Clovei*.

M. officinalis, Lam. Yellow Sweet Clover. Not common.
M. alba. Lam. White Sweet Clover.

Common along railroad embankments and roadsides.

83. Tbifolium, L. Clover.

T. AEVENSE, L. Rabbit-foot Clover. Dry fields. Not common.

T. PRATENSE, L. Common Red Clover.

T. stoloniferum, Muhl. Running Clover.

Bellows Falls, Mrs. Brown.
T. repens, L. Common White Clover.
T. AGRARiuM, L. Yellow Hop Clover. Common.
T. PROCUMBENS, L. Hop Clovcr. Not common.
T. H^-BRiDUM, L. Alsike.

Naturalized everywhere, and becoming very common.

84. RoBiNiA, L. Locust.

R. PsEUDACACiA, L. Common Locust.

Escaped from cultivation in many places.
R. viscosA, L. Rose Acacia.

Also in a few places escaped from cultivation.

19

85. Astragalus, L.

A. Canadensis, L. Not common. Shore of Lake Champlain.
A. alpinus, L. Mountain sides, Northern Vermont ; Bellows

Falls, Mrs. Brown ; Barnet, Blanchard. Eare.
A. Robinsii, Gray. Near Burlington ; also at Hartland, and

near Hanover, N. H. Occurs only in very limited localities.

86. Hedysarum, Tourn.

H. boreale. Willoughby Mountain, Wood. Smugglers Notch,
Sterling Mountain, Pringle, Perkins. Rare.

87. Desmodium, D. C. Tick Trefoil.

D. nudiflorum, D. C. Common.

D. acuminatum, D. C. Dry woods. Common.

D. rotundifolium, D. C. Williston, Bates. Not common.

D. canescens, D. C. Dry soil. Not rare.

D. Dillenii, Darl. Chiefly found in Southern Vermont.

D. paniculatum, D. C.

D. Canadense, D. C. Common along streams.

88. Lespedeza, Mx. Bush Clover.

L. repens, T. & G. Barton. Brattleboro, Frost.

L. violacea, Pers. Dry Woods.

L. hirta, Ell. Dry soil. Colchester, Bobbins.

L. capitata, Mx. Pastures. Common.

89. Vicia, Tourn. Vetch.

V. SATivA, L. Not very common.

V. sp.? A Vicia with small white flowers, was found growing on

Providence Island in July of this year, 1888. It appears to

be a small form of the preceding.
V. Cracca, L. Very common in some grass lands.
V. tetrasperma, L. Knights Island, Lake Champlain, Brainerd.

90. Lathyrus, L.

L. maritimus, Bigel. Shores of Lake Champlain. Not common.
L. ochroleucus, Hook. Bare in most places, but abundant

on blufts on Lake Champlain and on some of the islands.
L. palustris, L. Sandy shores of Lake Champlain.
L. palustris, var. myrtifolius. Gray. Not common.

91. Amphicarp^a, Ell. Ground Nut.

A. monoica, Nutt. Common in damp thickets.

92. Apios, Boer. Ground Nut.

A. tuberosa, Moen. Common; especially fine and abundant
along the banks of the Missisquoi below Swanton.

93. Cassia, L. Senna.

0. Marilandica, L. Not common. Confined to the outhern
part of the State. Norwich, Jessup ; Orwell, Brainerd.

20
ROSACE-^.

94. Prunus, Tourn. Plum. Cherry.

P. Americana, Marsh. Wild Plum.

Common, especially in Northern Vermont.
P. pumila, L. Dwarf Cherry.

Rocky shores of Lake Champlain. Islands and banks of the

Connecticut River ; Jessup, Blanchard.
P. Pennsylvanica, L. Wild Red Cherry. Common.
P. Virginiana, L. Choke Cherry. Common.
P. serotina, Ehr. Black Cherry. Common.

95. Spie^a, L. Meadow Sweet. Spiraea..

S. salicifolia, L. Common.
S. tomentosa, L. Hardhack.

Common in some localities, rare in others.
S. lobata, Murr. Queen of the Prairie.

Apparently naturaUzed in a wet place by the roadside north

of East Randolph. Perkins.

96. Dalibaeda, L.
D. repens, L. Common in damp woods.

97. RuBus, Tourn. Blackberry. Raspberry.

R. Odoratus, L. Flowering Raspberry.

Abundant along forest roads and mountain sides.
R. triflorus, Rich. Dwarf Raspbeiry.

Not common. Moist woods.
R. strigOSUS, Mx Red Raspberry. Very common.
R. OCCidentaliS, L. Black Raspberry.

Common, though kss so than the preceding.
R. villosus, Ait. High Blackberry. Common.
R. Canadensis, L Low Blackberry.

Less common than the preceding.
R. hispidus, L. Running Blackberry. Not very common.

I 98. Geum, L.

G. album, Gmel. Not common. Borders of groves.
G. Virginianum, L Middlebury, Brainerd.
G. macrophyllum, Willd.

Mfc. Mansfield, Pringle, Bates; Ripton, Brainerd.
G. strictum. Ait. Low grounds. Not common.
G. rivale, L. Swamps. Rather common.

99. Waldsteinia, Willd. Barren Strawberry.

W, fragarioides, Traut. Very common.

100. Fragaria, Tourn. Strawberry.

P. Virginiana, Ehrh. Very common in fields.
F. vesca, L. Not as common. Rocky woods.

21

101. PoTENTiLLA, Cinquefoil.

P. Norvegica, L. Common.

P. Canadensis, L. Common Cinquefoil.

Dry p»astures. Very common.
P. argentea, L. Silver Weed. Common.
P. arguta, Pursh. Dry soil. Common.
P. Anserina, L. SUvery Cinquefoil.

Shores of Lake Champlain. Common.
P. fruticosa, L. Shrubby Cinquefoil.

Not common generally. Very common about Manchester, F.

H. Herrick.
P. tridentata, Ait. Mountain Cinquefoil.

Summits of higher mountains. Common.
P. palustris, Scoi^. Marsh Cinquefoil.

Swamps. Rare. Eipton, Brainerd.

102. Ageimonia, Tourn.
A. eupatoria, L. Rather common in moist places.

103. POTERIUM.

P. Canadense, Gray. Swamps. Brattleboro, Frost.
104. Rosa, Tourn. Wild Rose.

R, blanda, Ait. Common.

R. Carolina, L. Swamp Rose. Low ground. Common.

R. lucida, Ehr. Small Wild Rose.

Shores of Lake Champlain. Not common.
R. EUBiGiNosA, L. Sweet Brier.

Rocky pastures. Not common in most places.
R. CiNNAMOMEA, L. Cinuamou Rose.

Established about old dwellings.

105. PiKUs, L.

P. Malus, L. Common apple.

Seedlings often become established in old pastures, etc.
P. arbutifolia, L. Choke-berry. Common in dry woods.
P. arbutifolia, L. var. melanocarpa, Gray. Borders of swamps.
P. arbutifolia, L. var. erythrocarpa, Gray.
P. Americana, D. C. Mountain Ash.

. Mountain Bides. Common.
P. sambucifolia, C. & S. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.
P. AucuPAKiA, Gaert. Naturalized about Peacham, Blanchard

106. Crat^gus, L. Hawthorn.

C. oxyacantha, L. English Hawthorn.

Common about Peacham, Blanchard.
C. COCCinea, L. Scarlet Thorn. Common.
C. tomentosa, L. Black Thorn.

Chiefly found in Southern Vermont.
C. tomentosa, L. var, punctata, Gray. Not common.

22
0. Crusgalli, L. Cockspur Thorn. Not rare.

107. Amelanchiee, Med. Shad Bush.

A. Canadensis, T. &. G. including var. Botryapium,

Common throughout the State.
A. Canadensis, var. oblongifolia, Gray. Less common.
A. Canadensis, var. rotundifolia, Gray. Not rare.
A. Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, Gray.

Camels Hump, Horsford ; Peacham, Blanchard.

SAXIFRAGACE^.

108. Saxifeaga, L. Saxifrage.

S. oppositifolia, L. Willoughby Lake, Wood; Smugglers

Notch, Mt. Mansfield, Pringle, Bates.
S. aizoides, L.

Willoughby Lake, Wood ; Smugglers Notch, Pringle, Bates.
S. Aizoon, Jacq. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle; Sterhng mountain,

Perkins, Lockwood.

S. Virginiensis, Mx. Common.

S. Pennsylvanica, L. Swamps. Not common.

109. MiTELLA, Tourn. Mitre Flower.
M. diphylla, L. Common on rocky slopes.
M. nuda, L. Less Common. Swampy woods.

110. TiAEELLA, L.

T. COrdifolia, L. Abundant on moist banks.
111. Cheysosplenium, Tourn.
C. Americanum, Sch. Cool brooks. Common.

112. Paenassia, Tourn.

P. Caroliniana, Mx.

Wet places near Burlington. Norwich, Jessup. Not common.

113. EiBES, L. Currant. Gooseberry.

R. Cynosbati, L. Wild Gooseberry. Common in rocky woods.
R. oxycanthoides, L. {li. hirteihtm, Mx.) Union Village,

Jessup. Common in Addison County, Brainerd.
R. lacustre, Poir.

Swamps. Not common. Mt. Ascutney, Jessup.
R. prostratum, L'Her. Fetid Currant. Cliffs and mountains.

Not rare.
R. floridum, L. Black Currant. Woods. Not common.
R. rubrum, L. Red Currant. Swampy and rocky places.
R. AUKEUM, Pur. Missouri Currant. Escaped from gardens.

CRASSULACE^.

114. Penthoeum, Gronov. Stone Crop.
P. sedoides, L. Common along ditches.

23
115. Sedum, Tourn. Live-for-ever.

S. ACRE, L.

Norwich, on rocks, Jessup. Peacham, Blanchavd.
S. Telephium, L. Common.

DROSERAOE^,

llU. Deoseea, L. Sundew.

D. rotundifolia, L. Common in damp places.
D. intermedia, D.& H. var. Americana, DC. (Z>. longifola. L.)
Swamps. Not common.

HAMAMELACE^.
117. Hamamelis, L. Witch Hazel.
H. Virginica, L. Common.

HALORAGE^.
118. Mtkiophyllum, Vaill. Millfoil.

M. spicatum, L. Ponds and streams.

M. heterophyllum, JMx.

M. tenellum, Bigelow.

Grand Isle, Pringle. Peacham, Blanchard.

M. alterniflorum, D. C.

This may be included here as it was found in Sargent's Bay,
Lake Memphremagog, by J. K. Churchill. "Hitherto re-
ported no nearer than Greenland." See Mr. Morong's note,
BuUet. Tor. Bot. Club, XIV, 51.

119. Pkoserpinaca, L.
P. palustris, L. Ditches and wet places.

120. HippuKis, L.
H. vulgaris, L.

Shore of Long Pond, West Danville, Blanchard.

MELASTOMAOE^.
121. Khexia. Deer Grass.
R. Virginica, L. Brattleboro, C. C. Frost.

LYTHRAOE^.

122. Ltthrum, L.

L. alatum, Pursh. Charlotte, Pringle.

L. salicaria, L. Killington Peak, near Rutland, L. Bigelow.

123. Nesea, Com.

N. verticillata, H. B. K.

Borders of Ponds near Burlington. Bristol Pond, Pringle.
Lake Dunmore and North Hero, Brainerd.

24

ONAGRACE^.
124. Epilobium, L. Willow Herb.

Ej. augustifolium. Common in clearings. Occurs in Sunder-
land Hollow, Colchester, with white flowers.

E. palustre, var. lineare, Gray. Swamps.

E. moUe, Torr.

Intervale land near Burlington ; Peacham, Blanchard.

E. coloratura, Muhl. Wet places. Common.

125. LuDwiGiA, L.

L. Palustris, Ell. Swamps and bogs.

126. CEnotheea, L. Evening Primrose.

CE. biennis, L. Common. Eoadsides and fields.
CE. pumila, L. Common in Eastern Vermont.
(E. fruticosa. This is reported by Frost as found at Willough-
by ; probably a mistake.

127. CiEC^A, Toum.

O. Lutetiana, L. Shaded places. Common.
0. alpina, L. Woods and rocks. Common.

CUOURBITAOE^.

128. SicYos, L.

S. angulatus, L.

River banks Not common. Middlebury, Brainerd.
129. EcHiNocYSTis, T. & G. Wild Cucumber.

E. lobata, T. & G. Banks of streams. Not uncommon.

FICOIDE.E.

130. MoLLUGO, L. Carpet weed.
M. verticillata, L. Sandy soil. Common.

UMBELLIFERiB.

131. Hydkocotyle, Tourn.

H. Americana, L. Penny-wort. Not common. Wet places.

132. Sanicula, Tourn. Snake Root.

S. Canadensis, L. Bather common. Woods.
S. Marilandica, L. Common.

133. CoNiuM, L. Poison Hemlock.
O. maculatum, L. Not common.

134. CiouTA, L. Water Hemlock.

O. maculata, L. Meadows. Not common.
O. bulbifera, L. Swamps. Not common.

25

135. SiuM, L. Water Parsnip.

S. Cicutsefolium, Gm. (S. lineare, Mx.)
Ditches and brooks. Not very common.

136. PlMPINELLA, L.

P. integerrima, B. and H. (Ziza integerHma, DC.)
Borders of groves. Common.

137. Cryptot^nia, DC.

C. Oanadense, DC. Woods. Not common.

138. OsMORHiZA, Kaf. Sweet Cicely.

O. longistylis, DC. Rich woods. Common.
O. brevistylis, DC. Copses. Common.

139. Thaspium, Nutt. Meadow Parsnip.

T. aureum, Nutt. Common in damp fields.

T. aureum, var. apterum. Gray. Not very common.

T. trifoliatum, Gray. Rocky, shaded places. Not common.

T. trifoliatum, var. apterum. Gray.

140. Selinum.

S. Oanadense, Mx. {Conioseliuum cmiadense, T. and G.)
Swamps. Not common.

141. Aechangelica, Hoffm.

A. atropurpurea, Hoffm. Meadows. Common in the south
part of Vermont. Middlebury, Brainerd; Peacham, Blanchard.

142. Peuced.^num, L.

P. SATivA, L. {Pastinaca sativa, L.) Wild parsnip. Common
in old fields.

143. Heracleum, L. Cow Parsnip.

H. lanatum, Mx Low grounds. Not common. Ripton and
Middlebury, Brainerd.

144. Daucus, Tourn. Carrot.

D. Carota, L. Roadsides and fields. In some places a very trou-

blesome weed.

ARALIAOE^.

145. Aralia, Tourn. Spikenard.

A. racemosa, L. Spikenard. Woods. Common.
A. hispida, Mx. Sars-aparilla. Common.
A, nudicaulis, Sarsaparilla. Common.

A. quinquefolia, Gray. Ginseng. Not as common as the pre-
ceding.
A- trifolia, Gray. Common in damp woods.

26

OORNAOJE.

146. CoRNus, Tourn. Dogwood.

O. Canadensis, L. Bunchbeny. Very common in damp, sbaded

ground.
C. florida, L. Flowering Dogwood. Found only in the south-
ern part of the State. Not common.
O. Circinata, L'Her. Thickets and borders of woods.
O. Sericea, L. Silky Dogwood. Low ground.
0. Stolonifera, Mx. Red Osier Dogwood. Common along

streams and swampy places.
0. paniculata, L. Her. Rocky Woods. Common.
0. alternifolia, L. Woods and hillsides.

Nyssa, L. Pepperidge. Sour Gum.
N. multiflora, Wang. Not common.

CAPRIFOLIACE^.

147. Sambucus, Tour.

S. racemosa, L. (S. jmheiis, Mx) Red-berried Elder.

Rocky slopes. Common.
S. Canadensis, L. Common Elder. Abundant in moist soil.

148. ViBUENUM. Sheepberry.

V. lantanoides, Mx. Hobble-bush. Damp, shaded places, not

very common.

V. Opulus, L. Cranberry- tree. Edges of woods.

V. pauciflorum, Py. Mount Mansfield, Pringie.

V. acerifolium, L. Rocky woods. Not common.

V. pubescens, Pursh. Rocky banks.

V. dentatum, L. Arrow-wood. Wet places. Common.

V. nudum, L. Damp thickets.

V. LentagO, L. Damp thickets.

149. Teiosteum, L.

T. perfoliatum, L. Feverwort. Middlebury, Brainerd.
Southern part of state.

150. LiNN^A, Gron.

L. borealis, Gron. Shaded hillsides and groves. Not very
common generally, but in some localities very abundant.

151. Stmphoricakpus. Snowberry.

S. racemOSUS, Mx. var. pauciflorns, Robbins. Rocky shores
and islands of Lake Champlain, also Peacham, Blanchard.

152. LoNiCEBA, L. Honeysuckle.

L. oblongifolia. Hook. Swamp Honeysuckle.

Bristol and New Haven, Brainerd.
L. ciliata, Muhl. Ledges. Not very common,

27

L. Taetaeica, L. Tartarian Honeysuckle.

Established in old fields, where it has escaped from cultiva-
tion.

L. hirsuta, Eat. Rocky woods. Not common.

L. glauca, Hill. {L. pwviflora, Lam.)
Mountain woods and swamps.

153. DiEE VILLA, Tourn.

D. triflda, Moen. Banks and woods. Common.

RUBIAOE^.

154. HousTONiA, L. Forget-me-not. Bluets.

H. CSerulea, L. Very abundant in fields and meadows.
H. purpurea, L. var. longifolia. Gray. Not common.

155. Cephalanthus. Button Brush.

C. OCCidentalis, L. Bogs and wet places. Common.

156. Mitchella, L.
M. repens, L.

Partridge berry. "Woods and shaded banks. Very common.

157. Galium, L.

G. VEEUM, L. Charlotte, Hosford.

G. Aparine, L. Cleavers. Moist ground. Common.

G. pilosum, Ait. Fields. Rare.

G. KarQtSChaticum, St. ( G. circcezans, var. montanum, Gr)

Slopes of higher mountains.

G. circsezans, Mx. Woods.

G. lanceolatum, Torr. Woods and clearings. Not common.

G. trifldum, L. Common.

G. asprellum, Mx. Thickets. Common.

G. triflorum, Mx. Borders of woods.

VALERIANAOE^.

158. Valeeiana, S. Valerian.

V. sylvatica, Banks. Swamps. Fairhaven and Craftsbury,
Bobbins.

DIPSAOE^.

159. DipsAous, L.

D. SYLVESTEis, Huds. Tcasel. Old fields. Not common.

COMPOSIT.E.
160. EuPATOEiuM, Tourn.

E. purpureum, L. Common. Also several varieties.
E. perfoliatum, L. Boneset. Common.

E. ageratoides, L. Shady banks. Not rare.

2g

161. SoLiDAGO, L. Golden Eod.

S. Squarrosa, Muhl. Dry soil. Common throughout the State.

S. csesia, L. Woods. Common.

S. latifolia, L. Moist, shady places.

S. bicolor, L. Woods.

S. bicolor, L. var. concolor. H. G. Headlands of Lake Cham-
plain. Peacham, Blanchard.

S. macrophylla, Pursh. {S. thyrsoidea, M.) Mansfield, Will-
oughby and other mountains, also Peaeham and Barnet.

S. Virga-aurea, L. var. alpina, Bigel. Higher Mountains.

S. humilis, Pur. {S. Virga-aurea. L. var. humilis, Gr.) River
banks and headlands of Lake Champlain.

S. striata, Ait. Burlington, Sharon, Norwich.

S. puberula, Nutt. Woods in Western Vermont.

S. Odora, Ait. Woods.

S. patula. Muhl. Not generally common.

S. rugosa. Mill, {S. alUssima, L.) Low ground and fields.
Common.

S. neglecta, H. G. Damp woods.

S. arguta, Ait. {S. Muhlenbergii, H. G.) Middlebury, Braia-
erd ; Brattleboro, Frost ; Smuggler's Notch, Pringle.

S, juncea, Ait. ( S. arguta, var. juncea. Gray ) Burlington.

S. serotina. Ait. Meadows and thickets. Burlington.

S. serotina, Ait. var, gigantea, Gray. {S.gigantea, Ait.) Edge
of woods.

S. Canadensis, L. Along fences and edges of woods.

S. nemoralis. Ait. HUls and pastures. Common.

S. rigida, L. Dry fields and woods.

S. lanceolata. Meadows throughout the State.

162. Seeicocakpus, Nees.

S. COnyzoideS, Nees. Dry woods. Rare.

S. SOlidagineus, Nees. Moremoistground than the first. Not
common.

163. AsTEK. L.

A. corymbosus. Ait Woods. Not rare.

A. macrophyllus, L. Woods, in damp soil.

A. radula. Ait, Brattleboro, Frost.

A. Novae, Angliae, L. Damp soil. Not rare.

A. patens, Ais. Very rare. Barrows.

A. undulatus, L. Dry woods.

A. cordifolius, L. Woods.

A. sagittifolius, Willd. Brattleboro. Frass.

A. laevis, L. Open woods in rather dry soil.

A. ericoides, L. var. Pringlei. Gray. Shores and islands of

Lake Champlain, Pringle, Brainerd.

A. amethystinus, Nutt. Brattleboro, Frost.

A. multiflorus, Ais. Pastures and hillsides.

A. dumosus, L. Edges of woods.

A. vimineus Rocky banks of Winooski river. Pringle.

29

A. diffusus, Ait. (A. miser, L. in part.)

A. diffusus, Ait. var. hirsuticaulis, Gray. Woods.

A. Tradescanti, L. {A. miser. Ait.)

A. paniculatus, Lam. {A. cameus, JVees and A. shnplex,

Willd.) Low ground.
A. salicifolius, Ait. {A. Cameus, Nees in part.)
A. junceus, Aib. {A. cestivus, Gray's Manual mainly.) Sphag-

nous bogs.
A. Novi-Belgii, L. (Includes^, /ow(7^yo^ms of Gray's Manual.)
A. puniceus, L. Meadows and thickets.
A. umbellatus, Mill. {Diplopappus mnbellatus,T. &G.)T>amp,

thickets and meadows.
A. linariifolius, L. {Diplopappus linariifolius, H.) Sandy soil.
A. ptarmicoides, T & G. Eocky hillsides rare.
A. acuminatus, Mx. Woods common.

164. Eeigeron, L. Fleabaue.

E. hyssopifolius, Mx. {Aster graminifolius, Pur.) Rare.

Qaechee Gulf, Jessap ; Mt. Mansfield, Priugle. Willoughby

Lake, and a few other localities.
E. bellidifolius, Muhl. Borders of groves.
E. Philadelphicus, L. Banks of streams. Common.
E. annuus, Pers. Meadows.
E. strigOSUS, Muhl. Fields.
E. Canadensis, L. Old fields. Common.

165. Antennaeia, Gtertn. Everlasting.

A. plantaginifolia. Hook. Common.

167. Anaphalis, DC.

A. maragaritacea, B. &H. {Antennariamargaritacea, Gaert.)
Pearly Everlasting. Quite common.

168. Gnaphalium, L. Everlasting.

G. polycephalum, Mx. Common.

G. decurrens, Ives. Dry fields. Common.

G. uliginosum, L. Low grounds.

169. Inula, L. Elecampane.

I. Helenium, L. Roadsides. Common.

170. Ambrosia, Tourn. Rag Weed.

A. trifida, L. Common in damp places.

A. artemisisefolia, L. Old fields and gardens. Common.

171. Xanthium, Tourn. Cockle Bur.
X. STRUMAKiuM, L. Not Ycry common.

172. RuDBECKiA, L. Cone Flower.
R. hirta Introduced from the west. Common.

30

R. laciniata L. Meadows. Common.

173. Helianthus, L. Sunflower.

H. giganteus, L. Brattleboro, Frost.

H. divaricatus, L. Pine woods.

H. strumosus, L. Burlington, F. H. Hosford.

H. tracheliifolius, Willd. Brattleboro, Frost.

H. decapetalus, L. Meadows near Burlington, Norwich,

Barnet, Blancbard.

H. TUBERosus, L. Artichoke. About old gardens.

174. BiDENs, L. Beggar Ticks.

B. frondosa, L. Damp soil. Common.
B. connata, Willd. Wet ground.
B. cernua, L. Common. Wet ground.
B. chrysanthemoides, Mx. Wet ground.
B. Beckii, Torr. Borders of ponds. Little Otter Creek. Brai-
nerd.

175. Anthemis,

A. CoTULA, D. C. ( 3Iaruta Cotula, D. C. ) May-weed. Common.

176. ACHILL.EA, Yarrow.
A. Millefolium, L. Dry fields. Sometimes with pink heads.

177. Chkysanthemum, Touk.

O. Leucanthemum. L. { Z>eiccanthemuni vulgare, L.) Ox-eye
Daisy, White weed. Very abundant and troublesome.

178. Tanacetum. Tansy.

T. vulgare, L. Common about old gardens and dwellings.

179. Artemisia, L. Wormwood.

A. Canadensis, Mx. Willoughby Lake, Smugglers Notch,
Mt. Mansfield, Pringle, Perkins, Bates. Shores of Lake
Champlain, Brainerd.

A. Absinthium, L. Common in many places.

A. vulgaris, L. Common.

180. TussiLAGo, Toum.

T. Farfara, L. Coltsfoot. Borders of streams.

181. Petasites, Tourn. (Nardosmia.)

P. palmata, Gray. Swamp. Not common.

182. Senecio, L

S. aureus, L. Bogs. Not uncommon.

S. aureus, L. var. obovatus, T. & G.

S. aureus, L. var. Balsamitse, T. & G. Barnet.

S. vulgaris, L. Middlebury, Brainerd

31

183. Ekeothites, Raf. Fireweed.

E. hieracifolius, Raf. Common in clearings.

184. Arctium,

A. Sappa, L. {Lappa Offiicinalis, All) Burdock. Common.

185. Cnicus, Tourn. (Cirsium of Manual.)

0. Arvensis, Hoff. Canada Thistle. Far too abundant.

C. lanceolatus, Willd. Common Field Thistle.

O. horridulus, Pursh, Brattleboro, Frost.

C. pumilus, Torrw. Fields, Wallingford, Brainerd and elswhere.

O. muticus, Pursh. Damp soil.

C. altissimus, Willd, var. n. f. discolor, Gray (C. discolor, manul)
Fields and Woods.

186. Onopordon, Vaill. Cotton Thistle.

O. AOANTHiuM, L. Dry fields and roadsides.

187. oiCHORiuM, Tourn. Chiccory.

C. iNTYBUS, Grass land and waysides. In some places a trouble-
some weed.

188. Krigia, Sch.

K. Virginica, W^illd. Dry fields, West Windsor, Blanchard.

189. Tragopogon.

T. porrifolius, L. Salsify, Middlebury, Brainerd. -

190. Leontodon.
L. AUTUMNALis, Fall dandcHon.

191. Hieracium, Tourn. Hawkweed.

H. AURANTiACUM, L. Burliugton, Perkins ; Middlebury and

Bridj^ort, Brainerd.

H. Canadense, Mx- Borders of Woods.

H. paniculatum, L. Woods. Common.

H. venosum, L. Pine plains and clearings.

H. scabrum, Mx. Open woods.

H. Gronovii, L. Dry Ground.

192. Prenanthes, Vaill. (Nabalus.)

P. alba, Hook. Edges of woods.
P. altissima, Hook. Damp woods.
P. Bootii, DC. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.

193. Taraxacum, Hall. Dandelion.

T. ofiBcinale, W. ( 2\ Dens-leonis, Desf.) Very common.

194. Lactuca, Tourn. Lettus.
L. 8CARI0LA, L. Shoreham, Brainerd.

32

L. Canadensis, L. Borders of fields.

L. hirsuirta, L. Muhl. (i. Canadense, var. sanguinea, T. tb G.)
L. leucophsea, Gray. {Mulgediam leucophoBum, DC.) Windsor,
Peacham, Blanckard. Common.

195. SoNCHTJS, L. Thistle.

S. oleraceus, L. Cultivated grounds.
S. asper, Vill. Waste grounds.

S. arvensis, L. Roadsides and fields, Butlei's Island, Lake
Champlain, Brainerd.

LOBELIACE^.

196. Lobelia, L. Lobelia.

L. cardinalis, L. Cardinal-flower. Not generally common, but

abundant in limited localities.
L. Dortmanna, L. Willoughby Lake, Wood; Shelburn Pond,

Perkins ; Fairlee Pond, Brainerd.
L. spicata, Law. Fields and pastures.

L. Kalmii, L. Damp places. In some places very common.
L. inflata, L. Indian Tobacco. Common in dry fields.

OAMPANULAOEJE.
197. Speculaeia, H.
S. perfoliata, A. DC. Dry rocky ground. Not common.
198. CAMPANULA, Toum, Hare-bell.

O. rapunculoides, L. Brandor, Knowlton, Peacham, Blan-

chard.
O. rotundifolia. L. Common Hare-bell, Very abundant. At

McNeil's Point, Charlotte, with white flowers.
O. aparinoides, Pursh. Damp soil. Not very common.

ERIOAOE^.
199. Gaylussacia, H. B. K. Huckelberry.
G. resinosa, H. G. Borders of swamps and woodland.

Vaccinium.
V. virgatum, Ait. var. tenellum, Gray. ( V. tenellum Ait.)
V. Pennsylvanicum, Law. Low Blueberry. Dry soil. Not

common.
V. Pennsylvanicum, var. angustifolium. Gray.
V. Canadense, Kalm. Blueberry. Swamps and damp woods.
V. vacillans, Sol. Low Blueberry. Pine barrens, etc, Com-
mon.
V. COrymbosum, L. High-bush Blueberry. Swamps.
V. uliginosum, L. Mountain Blueberry. Summits of Green
Mountains.

33

V. caespitosum, Mx. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.

V. Vitis-Idsea, L. Mountain Cranberry. Mountain Summits.

V. macrocarpon, Ait. Large Cranberry. Bogs.

200. OxYCOCcus, Tour.

O. palustris, Pers. {Yaccinium oxy coccus. L) Mountain
Cranberry. Boggy places on Mountains.

201. Chiogenes, Salisb.

O. hispidula, T. & G. Creeping Snowberry. Common in cold
woods along the Green Mountains.

202. Akctostaphylos, Adans.

A. Uva-ursi, Spr. Bearberry. Burlington, Perkins. Barnet,
Blancbard.

203. EpiGxEa, L. Mayflower. Arbutus.

E. repens, L. Very common.

204. Gaultheeia, Kalm. Wintergreen. Checkerberries.

G. procumbens, L. Common in woods and swamps.

205. Leucothoe, Don.

L. racemosa, Gray. Swamps. Not common.

206. Andromeda, L.

A. polifolia, L. Swamps. Common.

A. ligustrina, Muhl. Southern portions of the state.

207- Cassandra, Don. Leather-leaf.

0- calyculata, Don. Ditches and swamps. Not common.

208. Kalmia, L. Laurel.

K. latifolia, Mountain Laurel, L. Found only in the Southern

counties.
K. angustifolia, Sheep Laurel, L.Dry soil. Abundant.
K. glauca, Ait. Swamp Laurel. Swamps. Common.

209. Rhododendron, L.

R. nudiflorum, Torr. {Azalea nudijiorum, L.) Purple

Azalea. Swamps. Not common.
R. Rhodora, Don. {Hhodora Catiadensis, L.) Swamp on

Porter's Point, Colchester. Higbee's swamp, Burlington,

Perkins ; Derby, Eichmond, Horsford.
R. maximum, L. Great Laurel. Borders of Groton Pond,

Perkins ; Peacham, Blanchard.

210. Ledum, L. Labrador Tea.
L. latifolium. Ait. Swamps and mountains. Common.

84
211. Chimaphila, Pursh.

O. umbellata, Nutt. Princes Pine. Dry woods. Common.
O. maculata, Pursh. Pine woods.

212. MoNESES, Salis.
M. uniflora, Gray. Pyrola. Not common.

213. Pykola, Tourn.

P. minor, L. Smuggler's Notcli, Pringle.

P. secunda, L. Wintergreen, Pyrola. Pine woods. Com-
mon.

P. chlorantha, Swartz. Pine Woods.

P. elliptica, Nutt. Woods. Common.

P, rotundifolia, L. Damp woods. Common.

P. rotundifolia, L. var. incarnata, DC. Swamps, Peacham,
Blanchard.

214. Pteeospora, Nutt.

P. Andromedea, Nutt. Dry pine woods. Not common.

215. MONOTKOPA, L.

M. uniflora, L. Indian Pipe. Not generally very common.

Dark woods, especially on mountain sides.
M. Hypopitys, L. Pine-sap. Woods. Not common.

DIAPENSAOEiE.

216. DiAPENSIA, L.

D. Lapponica, L. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.

PRIMULACEiE.

217. Primula, Linn.

P. Mistassinica, Mx. Shore of Willoughby Lake. Wood,
Pringle.

218. Trientalis, Linn.

T. Americana, Pursh. Starflower. Common.

219. Steironema, Eaf. Loostrife

S. ciliatum, Raf. {Lysimachia ciliata, L.) Borders of woods.

S. lanceolatum, Gr. var. hybridum, Gray. ( Lysimachia
lanceolata, Walt. var. hybrida, Gray.) Wet soil. Com-
mon.

220. Lysimachia, Tourn. Loosestrife.

L. quadrifolia, L. Woods. Common.
L. striata, Ait. Damp soil.
L. thyrsiflora, L. Swamps. Common.
L. nummularia, L. Money-wort. Escaped from gardens.
Peacham, Blanchard.

35

221. Samolus, L.

S. Valerandi, L. Var. Americanus, Gray. Water Pimper-
nel. Pdver banks. Not common.

OLEACE^.
222. LiGUSTEUM, Touru. Privet.
L. vuLGAEE, L. Naturalized from cultivation.

223. Feaxinus, Tourn. Ash.

F. Americana, L. White Ash. Moist woods. Common.

F. pubescens, Lam. Ked Ash. Along the banks of streams.

F. sambucifolia, Lam. Black Ash. Swamps. Common.

F. viridis, Ms. Green Ash. Prof. Jessup has found this in a

swamp at Phillipsbui'g " just over the line from Highgate."

APOOYNACE^.

224. Apocynum, Tourn.

A. androsaemifolium, L. Common.
A. cannabinum, L. Not very common.

ASOLEPIADACE.E.
225. AscLEPiAS, L. Milkweed.

A. tuberosa, L. Sandy fields. Not usually common.

A. purpurascens, L. Common.

A. incarnata, L. Wet places. Common.

A. Oornuti, Dec. Fields and roadsides. Common.

A. obtusifolia, Mx. Dry soil.

A. phytolaccoides, Pmsh.

A. variegata, L. Dry soil. Brattleboro, Frost.

A. quadrifolia, L. Rocky woods. Common.

A. verticillata, L. Not Common.

226. ViNCEToxicuM, Moench.
V. NiGBUM, Moen. Meadows. Not common.

GENTIANAGE^.
221. Gentiana, L.

G, crinita, Froel. Fringed Gentian. Damp Meadows. Not

common.
G. amarella, L. var. acuta, Hook. Smugglers Notch. Mt.

Mansfield.
G. quinqueflora. Law. Wood. New Haven, Brainerd.
G. Andrewsii, Gris.
G. linearis, Froel. Cedar Swamps. Pringle. Wet meadows

and borders of ponds throughout the Green Mountains.

Brainerd.

36

228. Halenia, Bork.
H. deflexa, Gris. Banks of Lewis Creek, Charlotte, Hosford.
229. Baetonia, Muhl.

B. tenella, Muhl. Swampy places.

230. Menyanthes, Toui'n. Buckbean.
M. trifoliata, L. Common in swamps.

POLEMONIACE^.
231. PoLEMONiuM, Tourn.
P. cseruleum, L. Eipton, Vermont, E. Brainerd.

HYDROPHYLLACEJE.
232. Hydeoph¥Llum, Tourn. Water-leaf.

H. Virginicum, L. Woods.

H. Canadense, L. Common in damp woods.

BORRAGINACE^.
233. Cynoglossum, Tourn. Hounds-tongue.

C. OFFICINALE, L. Eoadsides. Common.
O. Virginicum, L. Woods. Common.

234. EcHiNosPEEMUM, Sw. Beggar ticks.

B. LvppuLA, Lohm. Tick-seed. Dry Soil. Common.
E. Virginicum, Leh. ( Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC.) Thick-
ets. Not common.

235. Myosotis, L. Forget-me not.

M. PALUSTEis, With. Wet grounds. Very common in some

places, as Brandon and Westminster, rare elsewhere.
M. laxa, Lehm. Abundant, Peacham, Elan chard.
M. ARVENsis, Hoff. Sharon, Dr. Baxter. Scarce.
M. verna, Nutt. Brattleboro, Frost. Windsor, Leland.

236. LiTHOSPEEinuM, Tourn.

L. ARVENSE, L. Old fields. Not common.
L. OFFICINALE, L. Dry fields.

237. Symphytum, Tourn.
S. OFFICINALE, L. Comfrey. Damp soil. Not common.

238. Lycopsis, L.
L. AEVENSis, L. Roadsides. Not common,

239. EcHiuM, Tourn.
E. vuLQAEE, L. Pomfret and Sharon, Jessup. Scarce.

>v

37
CONVOLVULAOE^.

240. CoNVOLvuvus, Linn.

C. SpithamaBUS, L. {Calystegia spithaccma^ Pursli.) Bind-
weed. Thickets.

0. sepium, L. {Calystegia sepium. R.Br.) Wild Morning
Glory. River banks and damp thickets. Common.

C. Akvensis, L. Bindweeif: Common about Burlington.

241. CuscuTA, Tourn.

0. Gronovii, Willd. Dodder. Damp ground. Not common.

SOLANACEiE.

242. SoLANUM, Tourn.

S, NIGRUM, L. Nightshade. Fields and cultivated grounds.
S- Dulcamara, L. Bittersweet. Roadsides. Not common.

243. Physalis, L.

P, grandiflora, Hook. This species grows on Providence Island

in considerable abundance.
P. pubescens, L. "A weed in gardens." Peacham, Blanchard.
P. Virginiana, Mill, {P. viscosa, S.). Ground Cherry. Not

common.

244. NicANDRA, Adans.

N. PHTSALOiDES, Gffirt. Apple of Peru. Thetford and Peacham,
Blanchard ; Shoreham, Brainerd.

245. Datura, L. Thornapple.

D. Stramonium, L. Waste places.

24G. Hyoscyamus, Tourn.
H. NIGER, L. Dry soil. Not common.

SOROPHULARIAOE^.
247. Verbascum, L. Mullein.

V. Thapsus, L. Common in old fields.
V. Blattaria, L. Not common.

248. LiNARiA, Tourn.

L. Canadensis, Spreng. Moist ground.

L. VULGARIS, Moen. Butter and-eggs. Common.

249. ScROPHULARiA, Toum.

S- nodosa, L. Not common.

250. Chelone, Tourn.

C, glabra, L. Damp places. Common.

38

251. Pentstemon, MitcheM.

P. pubescens, Soland. Rocky ground. Not common.

252. MiMULOs, L. Monkey Flower.

M. ringens, L. Wet places. Common.

253. Gbatiola, L.

G. Virginiana, L. Middlebury, Brainerd.
G. aurea, Muhl. Wet places. Not common.

254. Ilysanthes, Raf.

I. gratioloides, Benth. Southern Vermont ; also Barnet,
Blancliard.

255. Veronica, L. Speedwell.

V. Virginica, L. Moist banks. Common.

V. Anagallis, L. Brooks and ditches.

V. Americana, Sch. Wet ground. Not common.

V. scutellata, L. Brooks.

V. officinalis, L. Drier soil than the preceding. Wallingford.

V. serpyllifolia, L. Meadows.

V. peregrina, L. Cultivated ground. Common.

V. ABVENsis, L. Old fields. Not rare.

V- BrrxBAUMii, Ten. Weed in grass ground in Eastern Vermont.
Jessup.

256. Gerardia, L. Foxglove.

G. pedicularia, L. Dry woods. Not common.

G. flava, L. Woods. Southern Vermont.

G. quercifolia, Pursh Woods. Not common.

G. purpurea, L. Wot places. Not common.

G. purpurea, L. var. paupercula. Gray. Knight's Island,

Lake Champlain, Brainerd.

G. tenuifolia, Vahl. Dry fields. Southern Vermont.

257. Castilleia, Mutis. Painted Cup.

C. pallida, Kun. var. septentrionalis. North side of Mt.
Mansfield near the top, Pringle. Sterling Mountain, Per-
kins.

258. Pedicularis, Tourn.
P. Canadensis, Lousewort. Common in open woods.

259. IMelampyrum, Tourn.
M. Americanum, Mx. Cow- wheat. Woods. Common.

OROBANCHACE^.
260. Aphyllon, Mitch.
A. uniflorum, Gray. Old woods. Rather rare.

39

261. CoNOPHOLis, Wall.

0. Americana, Wall. Oak woods. Not common.

262. Epiphegus, Nutt.

E. Virginiana, Bart. Beech Drops. Beech woods. Not com-
mon.

LENTIBULAOE^.
263. Utriculakia, L. Bladderwort.

U. inflata, Wait. Chiefly in Southern Vermont.

U. vulgaris, L. Swamps and ditches.

U. intermedia, Hay. Onion river pond, Peacham, Blanchard,

Me.
U. purpurea, Wall. East Barnet, West Danville, Blanchard.
U, cornuta, Mx. Shallow water.

264. PiNGUICULA, L,

P. vulgaris, L. East side of Mt. Mansfield, Pringle ; Sterling
Mountain, Perkins.

AOANTHAOE^.

265. DiANTHEEA, Linn.
D. Americana, L. Borders of streams. Not common.

VERBENACE./®.
266. Phryma, L.
P. LeptOStachya, L. Woods. Not very common.

267. Verbena. L.

V. urticsefolia, L. White Vervain. Koadsides. Common.
V. hastata, L. Blue Vervain. Roadsides. Common.

LABIATE.

268. Trichostema, L.

T. DicHOTOMUM, L. Brattleboro, Frost. West Windsor, Blan-
chard.

269. Isanthus, Mx.

1. Caeruleus, Mx. Middlebury, Brainerd.

270. Teucrium, L.
T. Oanadense, L. Germander. Damp. Eocky soil.

271. Mentha, Tourn.

M. viRiDis, L. Spearmint. Brooks and wet places.
M. PIPERITA, L. Peppermint. Wet places.

40

M. Canadensis, L. Mint. Common.

M. Canadensis, var. glabrata. Benth. Not common.

272. Lycopds, Tourn.

L. Virginicus, L. Low ground. Common.

L. sinuatus, Ell. (i. Europmus^ var. sinuatus, Gray.)

L. EuropSBUS, L. Not very common.

273. Hyssopus, L.
H. OFFICINALIS, L. Hyssop. Grand Isle. Pringle.

274. Pycnanthemum, Mx.

P. aristatum, Mx. Southern Vermont.

P. linifolium, Pursb. Southern Vermont.

P. lanceolatum, Pursh. Oi^en fields.

P. incanum, Ms. Eocks and shaded places.

275. Calamntha, Moen.
0. clinopodium, Benth. Kock soil.

276. Melissa, P. Balm.
C. OFFICINALIS, L. Escaped from gardens.

277. Hedeoma, Pers. Pennyroyal.
H. pulegioides, Pers. Dry fields. Common.

278. Monakda, L. Bergamot.

M. didyma, L. Scarlet Balm. Barnet, Blanchard; Warren,

Brainerd.
M. fistulosa, L. var. mollis. Bent. Dry woods.

279. Blephilia, Kaf.
B. hirsuta, Benth. Damp woods.

280. LoPHANTHus, Giant Hyssop.

L. nepetoides, Benth. Thickets.
L. scrophularisefolius. Benth.

281. Nepeta, L.

N. Cataria, L. Catnip. Common about gardens and pastures.
N. Glechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy. Roadsides.

282. Scutellaria, L. Skullcap.

S. lateriflora, L. Damp places.

S. parvula, Mx. Rocks. Not Common.

S. galericulata, L. Damp soil. Not common.

283. Brunella, Tourn.

B. VULGARIS, L. Fields and open woods.

41

284. Physostegia, Benth.
P. Virginiana, Beuth. Shore of Lake Champlain, Pringle.

285. Mareubium, Tourn. Horehound.
M. vuLaAEE, L. Not uncommon.

286. Leonukus, L. Motherwort.
L. Cardiaca, L. Borders of fields and gardens.
287. Galeopsis, L. Hemp Nettle.

G. Tetrahit, L. Eoadsides. Common.
Gr. Ladanum, L. Old fields.

288. Stachts, L. Hedge Nettle.

S. palustris, L. Not common.

S. aspera, Mx. ( S. x>cihistris. L. var. aspera Gray.) Found
chiefly in the northern part of the State.

PLANTAGINAOE-ffl.
289. Plantago, L. Plantain.
P. majoe, L. a common weed.
P. Rugellii, Decais, {I^. Kamtschatica Hook.) Dry soil.

Common. Often confounded with the first.
P. lanceolata, L. Common.
P. Virginica, L. Found only in southern part of the State.

290. LiTTOEELLA, L.

L. juncea, Berg. (Z. lacustHs, L.) Shore of Lake Cham-
plain at Alburgh. Pringle.

AMARANTAOEiE.
291. Amaranths, Tourn.
A. EETEOFLExus, L. A garden weed. Common.

A. CHLOEOSTACHYS, Willd.

A. ALBUs, L. Not common. Pringle.
292. AcNiDA, L.

A. tuberculata, Maq. {Mo7itelia tamarascina, Gray.) Water-
Hemp. Low grounds. Not common.

CHENOPODIACE^.

293. Chenopodium, L.

0. ALBUM, L. Pigweed. Very common.
O. UEBicuM, L. Middlebury, Brainerd.
O. HirBEiDUM, L. Common.

42

0. BOTETS, L. Jerusalem Oak. Common on sandy shores of
Lake Champlain.

294. Blitum, Toum.

B. capitatum, L. Roadsides and fields.

295. Ateiplex, Toum.

A patula, var. littoralis, Gray. Fen-isburgh, Pringle.

PHYTOLAOOAOE^.

296. Phytolacca, Tourn. Pokeweed.
P. decandra, L. Not common in most places.

POLYGONAOE^.

297. RuMEx; L. Dock.

R. Patientia, L, Common in the extreme northern part of the
State.

R, Aquatica, L. Near the summit of Mt. Mansfield by the
road down the east side.

R, Britannica, L. {Ji. orMculatus. Gray.) Water Dock.
Prmgle. Waste places.

R. verticillatus. L. Swamp-Dock. Bogs and wet places.
Coijjmon.

R. crispns, Yellow-Dock. Cultivated ground. Common.

R. obtusifolius, L. Bitter Dock. Cultivated ground.

R. sanguineus, L. Red-veined Dock. Fovmd chiefly in south-
ern part of the State.

R. AcETosELLA, L. Shccp Sorrel. Very common, especially in
worn out soil.

R. AcETosA L. Charlotte.

298. Polygonum, L. Knot weed. Smartweed.

P. viviparum, L. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.

P. Careyi, Oln. Swamps.

P. Orient ALE, L. Prince's Feather. Escaped from gardens.

Doubtfully persistent.

P. Pennyslvanicum, L. Wet places. Common.

P. PERSiCARiA, L. Damp waste places.

P. Hydropiper, L. Common in damp places.

P. acre. H. B. K. Common in wet places.

P. hydropiperoides, Mx. Less common.

P. amphibium, L. Common in sluggish streams and ponds.

P. Muhlenbergii, Watson. Wet places, Pringle.

P. Hartwrightii. Bogs. Common.

P. Virginianum, L. Dry soil.

P. articulatum, L. Colchester Point, Pringle.

P. aviculare, L. Common about dooryards.

P. erectum, L. {J^. aviculare, var. erectum, Roth.) Common in

dooryards.

43

P. tenue, Mx. Dry, rocky soil.

P. arifolium, L. Swamps. Common.

P. sagittatum, L. Low grounds. Common.

P. CONVOLVULUS, L. Roaclsidcs and field. Common.

P. cilinode, Mx. Woods.

P. dumetorum, L'Her. Moist thickets.

299. Fagopykum, Tourn. Buckwheat.
P. EsouLENTUM, MoGu. Old fields.

ARISTOLOOHIAOE^.

300. AsAEUM, Tourn. Wild Ginger.
A. Oanadense, L. Common in moist, rocky soil.

LAURAOEiE.
301. Sassafras, Nees. Sassafras.

S. officinale, Nees. Found only in the southern part of the

State.

302. LiNDERA, Th. Spice Bush.
L. Benzoic, Nees. Damp woods and swamps.

THYMELAOE^.
303. DiECA, L. Moosewood.

D. palustris, L. Swamps near Burhngton. Common in North-
ern Vermont.

EL-ffiAGNAOE^.

304. Shepherdia, Nutt.

S. Canadensis, Nutt. Rocks. Shores of Lake Champlain and
elsewhere. Rare.

SANTALAOEiB.
305. CoMANDRA, Nutt. Toadflax.

0. umbellata, Nutt. Dry soil. Pine barrens. Common.
0. livida. Rich. Mt. Mansfield. Pringle.

PODOSTEMAOE^.

306. PoDOSTEMON, Mx.

P. ceratophyllus, Mx. Pringle.

P. peplus. Charlotte and Grand Isle. Pringle.

44

EUPHORBIAOE^.

307. Euphorbia, L.

E. maculata, L. Roadsides.

E. hypericifolia, L. Sandy fields.

E. PLATYPHYLLA, L. Roadsides

E. Cyparissias. Peacham, Blanchard.

E. PEPLUS, L. Grand Isle. Pringle ; Wallingford, Brainerd.

E. Helioscopia, L. Waste ground.

308. Acalypha, L.

A. Virginica, L. Open fields.

EMPETRAOE^.
309. Empeteum, Tourn. Crowberry.
E. nigrum, L. Tops of higher mountains.

OERATOPHYLLACEiE.

310. Ceratophyllum, L.

0. demersum, L. var. eclainatuin, Gray. Near Burlington,
and also at Lake Memphremagog.

CALLITRIOHACEiE.
311. Callitriche, L.

O. verna, L. Borders of ponds.

O. autumnale, L. Borders of ponds.

URTIOAOE^.
312. Ulmus, L. Elm.

U. fulva, Mx. Slippery Elm. Damp woods. Not so common

as the next.
U. Americana, L. Common Elm.
U. racemosa, Th. Cork Elm. River banks and damp soil.

Not common.

313. Celtis, Tourn. Hackberry.

C. OCCidentalis, L. Meadows. Not very common. High-
gate Brainerd.

314. MoRUS, Tourn. Mulberry.

M, rubra, L. Red Mulberry. Thickets. Rare.

M. alba, L. White Mulberry. Middlebury. Brainerd.

315. Urtica, Tourn. Nettle.
U. gracilis, Ait. Moist ground, ('ommon.

45

U. DioiCA, L. Koadsides, etc. Common.
U. UKENs. Barnet, Blanchard. Rare.

316. Laportea, Gaud.
L. Canadensis, Gaud. Moist woods. Not common.

317. PiLEA, Lind.
P. pumila, Gray. Moist thickets.

318. BcEHMESiA, Jacq.

B. cylindrica. Willd. Swamps.

319. Pakietaeia, Tourn.
P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. Limestone cliffs. Not common.

320. Cannabis, Tourn. Hemp.
O. sativa, L. Waste places.

321. HuMULUs, L. Hop Vine.
H. lupulus, L. River banks and moist thickets.

PLATANACE^.
322. Platanus, L. Sycamore. Button-Ball.
P. OCCidentalis, L. River banks. Not common.

JUGLANDACE^.

323. JUGLANS, L.

J. cinerea, L. Butternut. Common throughout the State.
324. Caeya, Nutt. Walnut.

0. alba, Nutt. Shellbark Walnut, Hickory. Most common

near Lake Champlain.
C porcina, Nutt. Pignut. Common along the Connecticut

river.

C. amara, Nutt. Bitter Walnut. Not common.

MYRIOACE^.

325. Myeica, L.

M. Comptonia, DC. ( Comptonia aspelnifolia, Ait.) Sweet

Fern. Common.
M. Gale, L. Borders of ponds.

BETULAOE^.
326. Betula, Tourn. Bii'ch.

B. lenta, L. Sweet Birch, Black Birch. Common.
B. lutea, Mx. Yellow Birch. Common.

46

B. alba, var. populifolia Sp. White Birch.

B. papyracea, Ait. Canoe Birch, Pa^Der Birch. Common.

327. Alnus, Tourn.

A. incana, WilHs. Alder. Common in damp soil.

A. serrulata, Ait. Alder. Bare.

A. viridis DO. Mountain Alder. Summits of higher mountains.

OUPULIFERiE.

328. CoBYLUS, Tourn. Hazel.

O. Americana, Walt. Common.
O. rostrata, Ai-t. Common.

329. OsTRYA, Michl. Hornbeam.

O. Virginica, Willd. Common.

330. Cakpinus, L. Ironwood.

O. Oaroliniana, Walt. {C. Americana Mx.) Not very abundant.

381. QuEECus, L. Oak.

Q, alba, L. White Oak. Common in many parts of the State.

Q. macrocarpa, Mx. Bur Oak. Not common.

Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak. Not common.

Q. Prinus, L. Var. monticola, Mx. Chestnut Oak. Not com-
mon.

Q. Prinus, L. Var. acuminata, Mx. {Q. MuhUnbergii.) Gard-
ener's Island, Lake Champlain. Pringle.

Q. coccinea. Wang. Scarlet Oak. Not common.

Q. tiuctoria. Burt. {Q. coccinea. var. tinctoria. Gray.)
Yellow Oak.

Q. rubra, L. Red Oak. Perhaps the most common species.

Q. ilicifolia, Wang. Black Scrub Oak. Not common.

332. Castanea, Tourn. Chestnut.

C. vesca, L. Chiefly found in Southern Vermont. Not common.

333. Fagus, Tourn. Beech.
F. ferruginea. Ait. Abundant everywhere.

SALIOACEiE.

334. Salix, Tourn.

S. nigra, Mar. Black Willow. Banks of streams.

S. lucida, Muhl. Willow. Swamps.

S. FK.^GiLis, L. Osier Willow.

. S. ALBA, L. White Willow.

S. ALBA, L. Var. vitellina, Koch. Yellow AVillow.

S. Balylonica, Tourn. Weeping Willow. Established by cul-
tivation.

47

S. longifolia, Muhl. Lake Champlain, Pringle ; Windsor, Jessup.

S. discolor, Muhl. Banks of streams and swamps.

S. rostrata, Rich. {S. livida var. occidentalis, Gray.) Common.

S. chlorophylla, A.nd. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.

S. myrtelloides, L. Swamps.

S. Uva-ursi, Pursh. (S. Outleri, Tuck.) Summits of higher
mountains.

S. petiolaris, Sm.

S. Sericea, Mar. Silky willow. Swamps and sandy banks of
streams.

S. monilis, Mar. Damp thickets.

S. cordata, Muhl. Low grounds.

S. balsamifera, Barret. Mt. Mansfield. Pringle.

S. Candida, Willd. Bogs.

S. PUEPUKEA, L. Purple willow. Burlington, Herrick; Middle-
bury, Brainerd.

335. PopuLus.

P. tremuloides, Mx- American Aspen. Common.

P. grandidentata, Mx. Woods and hillsides. Common.

P. balsamifera, Mx, Balsam Poplar. Woods and river banks.
Common.

P, BALSAMIFERA, Mx. var. CANDiCANs. G. Balm of Gilead.

P. monilifera. Ait. Including P. angulata of Gray's Manual.
Cottonwood. Western Vermont.

P. DiLiTATA, Ait. Lombardy Poplar.

P. ALBA, L. Silver Poplar.

48

MONOCOTYLEDONS.

HYDRO0HARIDA0.E.

336. Anacharis, Rich.
A. Canadensis, Plane. Not very common.

337. Vallisneeia, Mich. Eel Grass.

V. spiralis, L. Winooski River, Mississquoi Bay and River and

elsewhere. Common.

OROHIDAOE^.
338. MiCRosTTLis, Nutt.

M. monophyllus, Lindl. Rare. Pomfret, Ascutney, etc.

Jessup.
M. ophioglOSSOides, Nutt. Brandon, Brainerd; Pomfret and

Ascutney, Jessup.

339. LiPAEis, Rich.

L. liliifolia, Rich. Moist banks. Rare. Middlebury, Brainerd,
"Banks of Connecticut River at Windsor; Leland."

L. Loeselii, Rich. Meadows. Middlebury, Brainerd. Common
in wet meadows.

340. Aplecteum, Nutt.

A. hyemale, Nutt. Woods. Common.

341. CoEALLOEHizA, Hall. Coral Root.

0. innata, R. Br. Damp woods. Rare. Norwich, Jessup ; Burl-
ington, Perkins.

O. odontorhiza, Nutt. Moist banks. Rare. Barnet, Blanchard ;
Middlebury, Brainerd.

O. multiflora, Nutt. Very rare.

342. Spieanthes, Richards. Ladies Tresses.

S. latifolia, Toir. Moist places.

S. Romanzoffiana, Ch. Bristol Bog, Pringle ; Peacham, Blan-
chard.
S, cernua, Rich. Meadows, along brooks. Common.
S. gracilis, Big. Woods. Not very common.

343. LisTEEA, il. Br. Twayblade. ,.

L. cordata, R. Br. Bog^!. Common.

L. convallarioides, Hook. Along mountain brooks, and cedar
swamps. Peacham, Blanchard, Ripton, Brainerd.

49

344. GooDTERA, R. Br.

G. repens, R. Br. Borders of wood roads and cedar swamps.

Not common.
G. pubesoens, R. Br. Woods. Rather common.

345. Arethusa, Gron.
A, bulbosa, L. Swamps. Common.

346. Calopoqon, R. Br.
O. pulchellus, R. Br. Swamps. Not rare.

347. POGONIA, Juss.

P, ophioglossoides, Nutt. Sw^^i^ips and wet places. Com-

P r>endula, Lind. " In a dry wood of beech, birch, etc. , on a
' hiU south of Fair Haven Valley, Chandler.' Cakes list m

Thomson's Vermont, p. 200. « , , ^ -o u

P verticillata, Nutt. Near High Bridge, Colchester, Bob-

bin's, Cakes ; also Pine woods, north of Dunbar s, Prmgle.

348. TiPULARIA, Nutt.

T. discolor, Nutt. Brattleboro, Frost. "Vermont, Beck."
Doubtful.

349. Calypso, Salisb.

borealis, Salisb. Abundant in a few dark, cold cedar
swamps, elsewhere very rare. Bristol, Prmgle ; Peacham,
Blanchard ; Valcour Island, Torrey.

350. Orchis, L. Crchis.

O. spectabilis, L. Damp woods. Not common.
O. rotundifolia, Pursh. {Rahenaria rotundifolia, Fursh.)
Sphagnous bogs

351. Perularia, Lind.

P. virescens, Gray. {HdbenaHa vireseens, Spreng). Wet
meadows.

352. Habbnaria, Willd.

H. tridentata, Hook. Swamps. Not Common.

H. viridis, R. Br. var. bracteata, Rich. Damp woods.

H. byperborea, R Br. Damp, cold woods.

H. dilitata, Gray. Sphagnous swamps. Not common. Peacham,

Blanchard. .,., ,

H. obtusata, Rich. Camel's Hump and cold woods on hign

movjutains. ,

H. Hbokeri, Torr. Rare. Monkton, Pringle; Norwich and

Shnon, Morgan.
H. orbiculata, Pursh. Bound-leaved Orchis Damp, cold

w.oods. NofcComio-^u.

50

H. ciliaris, E. Br. Reported from Vermont, but very doubtful.
H. blephariglottis. Hook. White Fringed Orchis. Bogs. Not

common.
H. lacera, R. Br. Green Fringed Orchis. Bogs.
H. psycodes, Gray. Purple Fringed Orchis. Common. Bogs

and Meadows
H. fimbriata, R. Br. Mountain bogs. Rare. Hancock. Brainy

erd.

353. Cypeipedium, L. Moccasin Flower. Lady's Slipper.

O. arietinum, R. Br. Ram's head. Rocky woods and cedar.

fiw'smps. Rare.
O. parviflorum, Sal. Small Yellow Lady's Slipper. Monktou,
Pringle Rutland. Bigelow.

0. pubescens, Willd. Large Yellow Lady's Slipper. Not

common.
C. Spectabile, Sw. Pink and White Lady's Slipper. Swamps.

Common in some places, elsewhere rare.
C. acaule, Ait. Pink Lady's Shpper. Very common in some

places. Swamps and pine woods.

IRIDACEiE.
354. Ieis, L. Blue Flag.

1. versicolor, L. Common.

355. SisiEiNCHiuM, L. Blue eyed Grass.

S. anceps, Car.* {S. Bermudiana, ^ L. pars.) Common.

S. mtlCronatuiQ, Mx. {S. Bemmdiana, L. var. Mucrona-

tum. Gray.)
S. albidum, Raf.

AMARYLLIDAOE^.
356. Hypoxis, L.
H. erecta, L. Southern part of the State.

SMILACE^.

357. Smilax, Tourn.

S. rotundifolia, L- Thickets. Not common.

S. herbacea, L By streams. Middlebmy. Brainerd.

LILIAOE^.

358. Alljtjm, L. Garlic. Leek.
A. Schosnoprasnm,. L. Woods. Not common.

*W. B. Hemsley (Jour. Bot. XXII., p. 108, reprinted Am. Natuialiat,
Vol. XVin,, 438) unites all under 8. angmtifoUum.

51

A. tricocCTIin, L. " Windsor, Vermont, Leland."

359. PoLYGONATUM, Toum. Solomon's Seal.

P. biflorum, Ell. Woods.

P. giganteum, Diet. Damp soil. Doubtful.

360. Smilacina, Desf. Solomon's Seal.

S. raceniosa, Desf. Eocky woods. Common.
S. stellata, Desf. Common. Swamps.
S. trifolia, Desf. Swamps. Common.

361. Maianthemum, Desf.

M. bifolia, Ker. Very common.

362. ASPAEAGUS, L.

A. OFFicrNALis, L. Escaped in some places from cultivation.

363. LiLiuM, L. Lily.

L. Philadelphicum, L. Field Lily. Dry soil. Common.
L. Canadense, L. Meadow Lily. Meadows. Common.

864 Erytheonium, L.
E. Americanum, Sm. Adder tongue. Common in low grounds.

365. UvuLARiA, L. Bellwort.

U. perfoliata, L. Not common.
U. grandiflora, Sm. Not abundant.

366. Oakesia, Wat.

O. sessilifolia, Wats. {Uvularia sessilifolia L.) Very common.

367. Streptopus, Mx.

S. amplexifolius, DC. Mountain forests.

S. roseus, Mx. Cold Hemlock woods. Common.

368. Clintonia, Eaf.

0. borealis, Raf. Very abundant in mountain forests and cold
swamps.

369. Zygadenus, Mx.

Z. glauCUS, Nutt. Ferrisburgh, Brainerd.

870. Medeola, Gron.
M. Virginica, L. Woods. Common.

371. Trillitim, L.

T. erectum, L. Purple Trillium. Moist woods. Common.

T. erectum, Var. Album, Gray. Not common.

T. grandiflorum, Sails. Large White Trillium. Common.

52

T. cernuum, L. Wake Robin. Swamps. Not common.
T. erythrocarpum, Mx. Painted Trillium. The most common
species along the mountains, but less common on lowlands.

372. ToFiELDiA, Huds.

T. glutinosa, Huds. "Queechy Gulf, Leland." Rare.

373. Veeatrum, Tourn. Hellebore.
V. viride, Ait. Common in damp meadows.

374. Hemerocallis, L. Day Lily.
H. FDLVA, L. Escaped from cultivation, Pringle.

PONTEDERIAOEJE.

375. PONTEDERIA, L.

P. COrdata, L. Ponds. Common.

376. ScHOLLEKA, Sch.
S. graminea, Willd. Creeks of Lake Champlain.

XYRIDAOEiE.
377. Xyris, L.
X. Caroliniana, Walt. Brattleboro, Frost. Doubtful.

ERIOCAULONAOEJE.

378. Eeiocaulon, L. Pipewort.

E. septangulare, With. Borders of ponds.

E. decangulare, L. " Willoughby Lake," Wood.

JUNCAOE^.
379. LuzuLA, DC. Wood Rush.

L. pilosa, DC. Mountains.

L. spadicea, DC, var. melanocarpa; Gr. (X. parmflora

var. etc.)
L. campestris, DC. Woods and fields.
L. spicata, Des. Smuggler's Notch, Pringle. Nearly extinct.

380. JuNcus, L. Rush,

J. effusus, L. Wet places. Common.

J. filiformis, L. Summits of higher mountains and Lake Cham-
plain.
J. trifldus, L. Mountain summits.
J. marginatus, Rostk. Sandy river banks.

53

J. bufonius, L. Low grounds.

J. tenuis, "Willd. Low grounds.

J. pelocarpus, Meyer. Shores of ponds.

J. articulatus, L. Peacham, Blanchard. Common.

J. alpinus, Vill. Var. insignis, Fries. Shores of Lake Cham-

plaiu. Common.
J. acuminatus, IVIx. Var. debilis, Engl,
J. nodosus, L. Wet meadows.
J. Canadensis, Gray. Var. longicaudatus, Gray. Bristol

Pringle; Norwich, Blanchard.
J Canadensis, var. brachycephalus. Gray. New Haven,

Brainerd.
J. Canadensis, var. coarctatus, Engl. Wet places about

mountains. Common.

TYPHACE.^.

381. Typha, Tourn. Cat-tail.

T. latifolia, L. Swamps. Common.

T. angustifolia, L. Ferrisburgh, Pringle.

382. Sparoanium, Tourn.

S. eurycarpum, Engl. Ditches and ponds.

S, androcladum, Engl. {S. simplex, Huds. var. andro.
cladum, Eng.) Middlebury, Brainerd.

S. androcladum, Engl. var. fluctuans, Morong, {S. Sim-
2ylex, Huds. var. fixdtans, Eng.) Sterling pond, Pringle;
Sugar Hill Pond, Wallingford, Brainerd.

S. simplex, Huds. Middlebury, Diadema Island, Lake Cham-
plain, Brainerd.

S. simplex, Huds. var. augustifolium, Engl. Sterling
Pond, Pringle; Lost Pleiad Pond, Hancock, Brainerd.

S. minimum, Bauhin. Bamet, Wardens pond, Blanchard.

ARACE^.

383. Aeis^ema, Mart.

A. triphpyllum, Torr. Indian Turnip. Woods. Common.
A. Dracontium, Schott. Western portion of the State. Not
common. Weybridge, Brainerd.

384. Peltandea, Eaf.

P. Virginica, Raf. Middlebury, Brainerd ; Bristol pond, Prin-
gle. Not common.

385. Calla, Linn.

C. palustris, W^ild Calla. Swamps. Common.

386. Symplocarpus, Salisb. Skunk Cabbage.

S. foetidus, Salisb. Common in wet places.

54

387. AcoEus, L. Sweet Flag.
A. Calamus, L. Common.

LSMNAOE^.

388. Lemna, L. Duckweed.

L. trisulca, L. Borders of ponds.
L. minor, L. Still water. Common.

389. Spieodella, Sch.

S. polyrrhiza, Sch. {Leynna polyrrMza, L.)

ALISMAOE^.

390. SCHEUCHZEEIA, L.

S. palustris, L. Bristol Bog, Pringle ; Snake Mountain Bog,
Brainerd,

391. Alisma, Linn.

A. plantagO, L. Water Plantain. Common.

392. Sagittaeia, L.

S. variabilis, Eugl. Very common.

S. heterophylla. Mouth of Mississquoi River; Pringle.

S. heterophylla, Pursh. Var. elliptica. Gray. Dead Creek,
Ferrisburgh.

S. graminea, Mx. Mouth of Mississquoi Eiver, Pringle.

S. natans, Mx. Brattleboro, Frost. (Doubtful.)

S. lancifolia, L. Grows in Mallets Bay not far north of the
hotel, near the road to Colchester, Perkins. Not before re-
ported north of Virginia.

NAIADAC M.

393. Naias, L.

N. flexilis, Rost. Sluggish streams and ponds.

394. Zannichellia, Mich.

Z. palustris, L. North Hero, Brainerd and Pringle ; Norwich,
Jessup ; Long Pond, Danville, Blanch ard.

395. PoTAMOGETON, Tourn.

P. natans, L. Ponds. Common.

P. Pennsylvanicus, Cham. {P. Claytonii, Tuck.) Dead

Creek, Ferrisburgh, Pringle and elsewhere. Common.
P. Vaseyi, Bobbin's. Barnet, Blanchard. Rare.
P. Spirillus, Tuck. Brattleboro, Frost.
P. hybridus, Mx. Lake Champlain, Windsor and Willoughby.

Jessup.

55

P. alpinus, Ball. (P. rufescens, Schr. ) Windsor, Willoughby.
Jessup. Barnet, Blancliard.

P. pulcher, Tuck. Brattleboro, Frost.

P. lonchites, Tuck. Pringle. Common.

p. amplifolius, Tuck. Ferrisburgh, Pringle. Barnet, Blan-
ch ard.

P. gramineus, L. Elvers and ponds. Common.

P. Zizii, Mer. and Koch. (P. lucens, var. Minor, Nolt.) Alburgh,
Morong.

P. lucens, L. Ponds.

P. praelongus, Wulf.. Willoughby Lake, Wood.

P. perfoliatus, L. Ponds. Common.

P. perfoliatus, L. Var. lanceolatus, Bobbins. Mouth of
Little Otter Creek. Morong.

P. ZOSterifolius, Sch. ( P. com2yressus, L.) Rivers and ponds.
Not common.

P. obtusifolius, M. and R. Shelburne Pond, Pringle.

P. pauciflorus, Pursh. Lewis Creek, Ferrisburgh. C. E Faxon.

P. pectinatus, L. Lake Champlain. Connecticut River.
Peacham.

P. Robbinsii, Oakes, West Barnet, Blanchard.

( P. Oakesianus, Robbins. Has been found by Prof. Jessup, not far from the
Vermont border, and should be found in the State.)

CYPERACE^.

396. Cypekus, L.*

O. diandrus, Torr. Var. castaneus, Torr. Borders of ponds.

O. aristatus, Rott. {Chiflexus^'Mnhl.) Sandy river banks.

O. dentatus, Torr. Grand Isle and Shelburn, Pringle.

O. esculentus, L. {C. x>hymatodes,MM\A.) Sandy soil.

0. Strigosus. L. Low grounds.

C. setigerus, T. & H. Including C. lutescens, T.
O. filiculmis, Vahl. Dry soil.

397. DuLiCHiuM, Rich.

D. spathaceum, Pers. Borders of ponds.

398. Eleochaeis, R. B.

E. Obtusa, Sch. Common, Norwich, Jessup ; Peacham, Blan-

chard.
E. olivacea, Torr. Bristol Pond, Pringle ; Abbey Pond Ripton,

Brainerd.

E. palustris, R. Br. Common only near the lake.

E. palustris, R. Br. Var glaucescens, Gray- Common.

E. rostellata, Torr. Tuckerman in Gray's Manual.

E. intermedia, Sch. North Pomfret, A. P. Morgan.

♦Vide Preliminary List of N. A. species of Cyperus, N. L. Britton, Bullet,
Torr. Bol. Clul). XIII. 205.

56

E. tenuis, Sch. Common. Moist meadows.
E. acicularis, Torr. Common.

E. pauciflora, Wats. {Scirpus jmuci/lorzcs, Light.) Lyndon,
Congdon.

399. SciKPUS, Linn.

S. planifolius, Muhl. Charlotte, Fringe.

S. pungens, Vahl. Common along Lake Champlain.

S. caespitOSUS, L. Smuggler's Notch, Pringle.

S. lacustris, L. {S. validus, Vahl.) Common.

S. Torreyii, Olney. Fort Cassin, Ferrisburgh, Brainerd.

S. Smitllii, Gray. Lake Champlain, Ferrisbui-gh, Faxon.

S. fluviatilis, Gray. Creeks of Lake Champlain.

S. sylvaticus, L. Var. dygnus, Boech. (S. microear2ms,

Pres.) Wet meadows. Common.

S. debilis, Pursh. Norwich. Jessup.

S. atrovirens, Mulh. Common.

S. polyphyllus, Vahl.

S. lineatus, Mx. Middlebury, Brainerd.

S. Eriophorum, Mx. Common.

S. Eriophormon, IVIx. var. laxus. Gray. Common.

400. Eeiophorum, L. Cotton Grass.

E. alpinum, L. Swamps. Mountain bogs.
E. vaginatura, L.
E. Virginicura, L. Swamps.

E. polystachyon, L. (Including vars. angustifoUum and
latifolium.)

E. gracile, Koch. Cool bogs.

401. FiMBRisTTLis, Vahl.

F. autumnalis. R- & S.

F. capillaris, Gray. "Bellows Falls, Casey." Oakes. Snake
Mountain, Brainerd.

402. Rhtnchospora, Vahl.
R. alba, Vahl. Common in bogs. Union Village, Jessup.
R. capillacea, Torr

R. glomerata, Vahl. Low grounds. Middlebury, Brainerd.
R. fusca, R. & S. Wells River, Horsford.

403. Cladium, p. Br.

C. mariscoides, Torr. Swamps. Bristol Bog, Pringle ; Union
Village, Jessup.

404. SCLERIA, L.

S. triglomerata, IMx. "Vermont." Gray's Manual.

405. Carex, L. Sedge.

C. pauciflora. Light. Swamps. Snake Mountain, Brainerd.
O. folliculata, Linn. Swamps. Burlington. Torrey.

57

0. Michauxiana, Boeck. (6'. rostrata, M.^.) Sterling Pond.
Piingle.

O. intuHiescens, Eud. Woods and Swamps.

O. Grayii, Carey. Middlebury, Brainerd.

C. lurida, Wahl. ( C. lupidina^ Muhl.) Meadows, etc.

0. lurida, Wahl. Var. polystachya, Bailey. (C. lupuli-
formis, Sart.)

0. oiigosperma, Mx. Bogs. Peacham, Blanchard ; Burling-
ton, Torrey.

O. rostrata, With. ( C. a/wji:>W/ac6«, Good. ) Burlington, Torrey.

C: rostrata, With. var. utriculata, Boott. (C. utriculata,
Boott.) Meadows and swamps.

O. monile, Tuck. Wet places.

O. Tuckermani, Boott. Wet Meadows.

C retrorsa, Schro. Swamps and bogs.

O. tentaculata, Muhl. Wet places.

O. tentaculata, Muhl. Var. gracilis, Boott. Mountains.

O. tentaculatax lurida North Hero, Morong.

O. Schweinitzii Dew. Southern Vermont.

O. hystricina. Muhl. Wet fields.

O. Pseudo-Oyperus, L. Linn. Wet places.

O. Pseudo-Oyperus, L. Boott. var. comosa, Boott. (C.
comosa. Boott.)

C. Squarrosa, L. Near Lake Champlain.

O. Shortiana, Dew. In Torrey Herb as from Burlington.
Doubtful.

O. Scabrata, Schw. Swamps.

O. filiformis. Lam. Bogs.

O. filiformis, L. var. latifolia, Boeck. {C.lamtr/inosa,Mx.)

O. trichocarpa, Muhl. {C. striata, Casey,) Burlington, Torrey.

O. riparia, W. Curtis. Borders of streams.

O. atrata, L. Smugglers notch, Mt. Mansfield, Pringle, very
rare.

O. Buxbaumii, Wahl. Burlington, Torrey.

O. vulgaris, Fries.

C. vulgaris, Fries, var. hyperborea, Boott. {G.rigida.
Good. var. Bigelovii, Wahl.) Bristol Bog, Pringle ; Burling-
ton, Torrey.

C Stricta, Lam. Wet meadows.

0, stricta, Lam. var. decora, Bailey. (C. aperta of Grays,
Manual, not of Boott.) Middlebury, Brainerd; Barnet, Blan-
chard.

0. lenticularis, Mx. Shore of Lake Champlain and mountain
ponds. Piingle, Brainerd.

O, torta, Boott, mountain brooks.

O. prasina, Wahl. (C miliacea, Muhl.) Bogs.

O. crinita, Lam. Moist banks.

O. crinita, Lam. var. gynandra, S. & T. {C. gynandra Sch.)
mountain brooks.

0. Magellanica, Lam. (O. irrigtia, Hm.) Cold bogs. Western
Vermont, Mt. Mansfield, Pringle ; Norwich, Blanchard.

58.

O. limosa, Lam. Western Vermont, with the last.

O. virescens, Mulil. Borders of woods.

O. triceps, Mx. Western Vermont, not rare.

C. longirostris, Torr. mountains and ledges.

O. flexilis, Kud. Pomf ret, Morgan ; Barnet, Blancbard ; Mid-
dle bury, Brainerd.

O. arctata, Boott. Meadows. Common.

O. debilis, Mx. Mountain towns.

O. gracillima, Sch. Meadows and waste ground.

O. formosa, Dew. Middlebury, Brainerd.

O. grisea, Wahl. Low grounds.

O. granularis, Muhl. Meadows and fields.

C. Orawei, Dew. Charlotte, Pringle.

O. flava. L. Meadows. Common.

O. CEderi, Retz. Shores of lakes and river banks.

O. pallescens, L. Meadows. Common.

C. conoidea, Sch, In grassy fields. Common.

C. oligocarpa, Schk. Abundant.

C. Hitchcockiana, Dew. Pomfret, Morgan ; Middlebury, Brain-
erd.

O. laxiflora. Lam. (doubtful.)

O. laxiflora. Lam. var. patulifolia, Car. {C. plantaginea,
Sch.)

C laxiflora, var. intermedia, Boott. Charlotte, Pringle.

O. laxiflora, var. Striatula, Carey. (C. hlanda, Dew.)

C. laxiflora, var. latifolia, Boott. Moist woods.

O. retrocurva. Dew. Charlotte, Pringle.

O. digitalis, Willd. Middlebury, Brainerd.

C. platyphylla, Carey. Thick groves and woods.

C. plantaginea. Lam. Rocky woods. Common.

O. vaginata, Tausch. Cedar swamps. Sutton, Pringle. Rare.

O. tetanica, Schk. var. Meadii, Bailey. Torrey Herb. Bur-
lington.

O. livida, Willd, Bristol bog. Pringle. Very rare.

O. aurea, Nutt. Meadows.

C. ebnrnea, Boott. Shaded limestone ledges.

O. pedunculata, Muhl. Dry woods. Common.

C. scirpoidea, Mx. Mt. Mansfield, Prmgle. Wiiloughby, Mt.

O. Pennsylvanica, Lam. Dry woods.

O. varia, Muhl. Wooded hills

0. Emmonsii, Dew. Hillsides.

C. Novae- Angliae, Sch. Moist Mountain forests.

C. nmbellata, Sch. Dry sandy woods.

C. pubescens, Muhl. Barnet, Blanchard, Western Vermont.

0. Backii, B 'ott. Western Vermont. Not rare.

C polytrichoides, Muhl. Wet woods.

0. chordorhiza, Ehr. Bristol bog, Pringle Eastern Ver-
mont. Conydon.

0. stipata, Muhl. Meadows.

O. teretiuscula, Good. Bogs.

59

O. vulpinoides, Mx. Moist fields.

C. telelea, Schk. Cold cedar swamps.

C. rosea, Schk. Woods. Common.

0. rosea, Schk. var. radiata, Dew. Chipman Hill. Mddle-

bury, Braiueixl.
0, rosea, var. retroflexa, Torr. (C. retroflexa, Muhl.) Bur-

liBgton, Torrey.
C. sparganoides, Muhl. Moist banks.
O. cephalophora, Muhl. wooded hillside, Western Vt.
O. gynocrates, Worm. {C. dioica, Torr.) Burlington, Torrey.
C. exilis, Dow. Bristol Bog, Pringle.
0. echinata, Murray. (C. stellulata Wood.)
O. echinata, Mur. Var. microstachys, Boeck. {C. sterUis.

Willd.)
C canescens, L. Swamps.
0. canescens, L. var. vulgaris, Bailey. (C. vitilis of Gray's

Manual, in part). Common on mountains.
0. canescens, L. var. polystachya. Booth. (6^ arcfa, Boott.)

Swamps along Northern Lake Champlain.
0. trisperma, Dew. Cold bogs, Bristol, Pringle; Peacham,

Blanchard.
O. tenuiflora, Wahl. Occurs with the last.
O. bromoides, Schk. Moist woods and swamps.
O. Deweyana, Schw. Warm, open woods.
0. siccata, Dew. Lake shore, north of Burlington, Brainerd,

Torrey.
O. tribuloides, Wahl. {C. lagopodiodes, Schk.) Wet meadows.
0. tribuloides, Wahl. var. cristata, Bailey. ( C. cristata,

Schk.)
C. tribuloides, Wahl. Var. reducta, Bailey. North Hero,

Morong ; RijDton, Brainerd.
0. SCoparia, Schk. Wet ground.

O. adusta, Boott. Fairlee, Blanchard; Middlebury, Brainerd.
0. straminea, Schk. Low grounds.

GRAMINE^,

406. Paspalum, L.
P. setaceum, Mx. Dry fields.

407. Panicum, L.

P. amarum. Ell. Sandy shores of Connecticut River, Brattle-

boro, Barrett, Bobbins, Pringle.

P. capillare, L. Gardens and fields.

P. clandestinum, L. Woods.

P. CRUS rtALLi, L. Barnyard grass. Cultivated grounds.

P. depauperatujn, Muhl. Several varieties also occur.

P. dichotomuni, L. Low ground.

P. GLABRUM, Gaud. Cultivated ground.

P. latifolium, M. Sandy soil in the shade.

60

P. sANGuiNALE, L. Cultivated grounds.

P. virgatum, L. Lake shore, Ferrisburgh, Pringle.

P. xanthophysum, Gray.

408. Setaria, Beauv.

S. GLAUCA, Beauv. Fox-tail grass. Cultivated ground.
S. iTALicA, Kth. Hungarian Grass. Roadsides and fields
S. viRiDis, Beauv. Bottle grass. Cultivated ground.

409. Cenchrus, L. Burr Grass.

0. tribuloides, L. Sandy soil.

410. Spartina, Schreb.

S. Cynosuroides, Willd. Willd. Elver banks. Shore of Lake
Champlain.

411. ZizANiA, Gron. Wild Rice.

Z. aquatica, L. Edges of ponds and streams.

412. Leersia, Sol.

L. Virginica, Sm. Damp woods.

L. oryzoides, Sw. Ditches and streams.

413. Andropogon, L.

A. provincialis, Lam. ( A. furcatics, Muhl.) Dry, rocky soil.
A. scoparius, Mx.

414. Chrysopogon, Trin.

C. nutans, Benth. ( Sorghum 7iictans, Gray.) Dry fields.

415. Phalaris, L. Canary grass.

P. arundinacea, L. Wet ground.

P. arundincea, var. picta. Ribbon Grass. Striped Grass.

P. Canariensis, L. Pastures and fields.

416. Anthoxanthum, L. Sweet Grass.

A. ODORATUM, L. Fields.

417. Hie hlo a, Gmel.

H. alpina, R. & S. Summit of Mt. Mansfield, Pringle.
H. borealis, E. & S. Shores of Lake Champlain, Pringle.

418. Alopecurus, L. Foxtail Grass.

A. geniculatus, L.

A. GENICULATUS, Vai". arlstulatus, Mx. (A. aristulatus, Mx.)

Monkton, Pringle ; Middlebury, Brainerd.
A. PRATENsis, L. Moist ground.

419. Aristida, L.

A. dichotoma, Mx. Bai'ren soil.

61

420. Obyzopsis, Mx.

O. melanocarpa, Muhl. Eocky Roads.
O. Canadensis, Torr. Warm Woods.
O. asperifolia, Mx. Wooded hillsides.

421. Milium.

M. effusum, L. Moist, cool woods.

422. MUHLENBEKGIA, Sclir.

M. sobolifera, Trin. Eocky hills and open woods.

M, glomerata, Trin. Swamps.

M. Mexicana, Trin. Damp ground.

M. sylvatica, T & G. Woods.

M. Willdenovii, Trir. Eocky woods.

M. diffusa, Schr. Charlotte, Pringie ; Middlebury, Braiuerd.

423. Brachyelyteum, Beau v.

B. arista turn, Beauv. Woods

424. Phleum L.

P. PRATENSE, L. Timothy. Herds Grass. Common.

425. Sporobolus, R. Br.

S. serotinus. Gray. Mountain Bogs. Eipton, Boyce; Bakers-
field, Pringie ; Peacham, Blanchard.

S. aspera, Ktb. (Fi}(/« asper«, Beauv.) Lake shore.

S. vaginseflorus, Vasey. ( Vilfa vaginmflora Tor. ") Common
in dry, warm soil.

426. Ageostis, L. Bent Grass.

A. perennans. Tuck. Damp, shaded places.

A. scabra, WiUd. Dry soil Clefts of rocks, etc.

A. canina, L. Var. alpina, Oakes. Bare mountain summits.

A. vulgaris, With. Meadows and fields.

A. vulgaris. With. Var. alba, {A. alba L.) Meadows.

427. CiNNA, L.

O. arundinacea, L. Wet woods.

0. pendula, Trin. (C. arundinacea var pendula, Gray.)
Mountain woods.

428. Deyeuxia, CI. (Calamagrostis in part).

D. Canadensis, Beauv. {Calamagrostis Canadensis, B.) Blue-
joint Grass. Wet fields.

D. neglecta, Kith. (C. striata, Trin.) Mt. Mansfield Pringie.

D. Nuttalliana, St. {C. Nuttalliana,S.) " Windsor Leland."
Jessup

429. Ammophila, Hast.

A. arundinacea. Hast. {Calamagrostis arenaria, Eoth.)
Sandy beaches of Lake Champlain, Alburgh, Pringie.

62

430. Deschampsia, Beau v. (Aira.)

D. flexuosa, Var. {Aira flexuosa, L.) Dry woods.
D. CSespitosa, Beauv. {Aira ccespitosa, L.) River banks.
D. atropurpurea, Wahl. {Aira atropurpurea, L.) Mt. Mans-
field, Torrey.

431. HoLCus, L. Velvet grass.

H. LANATus, L. Meadows.

432. G-EAPHEPHOKUM, Desv.

G. melicoides, Beauy. Banks of Winooski Eiver, Williston,
Pringle.

433. Teisetum, Pers.

T. subspicatum, Beauv. Var. molle. Gray. Lake shore,
Pringle : Snake Mountain, Brainerd.

434. AvENA, L. Oat.
A. striata, Mx. Eocky soil, in the shade.

435. Akrhenatheeum, Beauv.

A. avenaceum, Beauv. Charlotte, Hosford.

436. Danthonia, D. C.

D. COmpressa, Aux. Dry, gravelly river banks. Waterbury
and Charlotte, Pringle.

D. spicata, Beauv. Dry fields and woods. Very common and

a great pest.

437. Triodia, R. Br.

T. Seslerioides, Vasey. {Tricuspis 8ederioides,Torr.')'Dox!i\aii\i\..

438. Phragmites. Trin.
P. communis, Trin. Reed grass. Borders of ponds.

439. Kceleria, Pers.
K. cristata, Pers. Dry hillsides. Burlington.
440. Eatonia, Raf.

E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. Moist places.

441. Erageostis, Beauv.

E. reptans, Nees. River banks

E. capillaris, Nees. Sandy soil.

E. pectinacea, Gray. Lake shore. Burlington.

442. Dactylis, L. Orchard Grass.
D. glomeeata, L. Fields.

443. Beiza, L.

B. media, L. Quaking Grass.

63

444. PoA. Meadow Grass.
P. annua, L. Cultured fields.
P. compressa, L. Wire grass. Sterile soil.
P. laxa, Hfen. Summits of higher mountains.
P. caesia, Sm. Thetford, Blanchard. Headlands of Lake

Champlain.
P. Serotina, Ehrh. Meadow grass.
P. pratensis, L. Meadow grass. June grass.
P. TEmALis, L. Meadows.
P. debilis, Torr. Commob. Warm Woods.
P. alsod.es, Gray. Sj)ear grass. Moist woods.

445. Glyceeia.

G. Canadensis, Trin. Low lands.

G. obtusa, Trin. Wet fields. Southern Vermont. Doubtful.

G. elongata, Trin. Damp woods.

G. nervata, Trin. Meadows.

G. pallida, Trin. Shallow waters.

G. arundinacea, Kth. {G. agtcatica, Sen.) Wet places.

G. fluitans, R. Br. Sluggish streams.

446. Festuca, L.
P. tenella, Willd. Sandy soil.
F. ovina, L. Fields.
F. duriuscula, Gray. Dry fields.
F. ELATioR, L. Fields.
F. nutans, Willd. Eocky woods.

447. Beomus, Lc

B. SECALiNus, L. Chess, Cheat. Cultivated fields.

B. EACEMOSUS, L.
B. MOLLIS, L.

B. Kalmii, Gray. Dry soil.

B. ciliatus, L. Woods.

B. erectus, Hnds. L. Woods.

448. LoLiuM, L.

L. PERENNE, L. Rye grass, Darnel. Willoughby Lake.

449. Aqeopyeum, Beauv.
A. REPENS, Beauv. {Triticum re2)ens, L.) Couch grass, Witch

grass. Very common.
A. caninum, R- & S. {T. cmiinum, L.) Barnet, Blanchard,

Lake Champlaui, Pringle.
A. violaceum. (I'.violaceum,!,.) Snake Mountain, Brainerd.

450 Elymus, L. Wild Rye.

E. Virginicus, L. Low Ground.

E. Canadensis, L. Rocky banks of streams.

E. striatus, Willd. Dry, rocky soil.

451. AsPEELLA, Willd. {Gymnostichum, Sch.)

A. Hystrix, Willd. Hedgehog grass. Rocky woods.

64

GYMNOSPERM^.

CONIFERS.

452. Thtjya, Tourn. Cedar.

T. OCCidentalis, L. White Cedar, Arbor Vitai. Very common

453. JuNiPEKUS, L.

J. communis, L. Juniper. Common.
J. Virginiana, L. Red Cedar. Not very abundant.
J, sabina, L. Var. procumbens, Pursh. " Rutland, Mrs. J.
Carr." Append., Thompson's, Vermont. Doubtful.

454. Taxus, Tourn. Yew.

T. Canadensis, Willd. (T. baccata, L. Var. Canade7isis,
Gray.) American Yew. Cold, damp woods. Not common.

455. PiNus, Tourn. Pine.

P. Strobus, L. White Pine. Common.

P. resinosa, Ait. Red Pine, Norway Pine. Not as common as

first and third, but not rare.
P. rigida, Miller. Pitch Pine, Yellow Pine. Very common on

sand plains.
P. Banksiana, Lamb. Gray Pine. Found only in Monkton, R.

Robinson.

456. PicEA, Link.

P. nigra, Link. {Abies nigra, Poir.) Black Spruce. The
common spruce of the Green Mountains. Very abundant.

P. alba. Link. {Abies alba, Mx.) White Spruce. Not found
west of the Green Mountains, but common in Northeastern
Vermont.

457. TsuGA, Endl.

T. Canadensis, Car. {Abies Canadensis, Mx.) Hemlock.
Common, especially in mountain forests.

458. Abies, Tourn.

A. balsamea. Mar. Balsam Fir. Mountains and swamps.
Not very common.

459. Lakix, Tourn. Larch. Hackmatack.

L. Americana, Mx. Swamps. Common.

65

PTERIDOPHYTA.

EQUISETAOE^.

460. Equisetum, L. Horse tail, Scouring Kush.

E. arvense, L- Damp fields and pastures.

E, sylvaticum, Damp woods.

E. palustre, L- Shore of Lake Cbamplain, Pringle.

E. limosum, Shallow water, border of ponds.

E. littorale. Knight's Island, Lake Cbamplain and shore of
Lake Champlain at Ferrisburg, Pringle ; Islands in Ball's Bay,
Brainerd.

E. hiemale, L. Moist banks.

E. variegatum, Sch. Shore of Lake Champlain and Connecti-
cut river.

E. scirpoides, Mx. Hemlock woods.

OPHIOGLOSSAOE^.

461. Ophioglossum, L.
0. vulgatum, L. Meadows. Not common.

462. BOTEYCHIUM, Sw.

B. simplex, Hitch. Dry fields. Pringle. Abundantly scattered
over Vermont, its habitat usually poor, cool soil, especially
knolis of hill pastures," Pringle.

B. matricarisefolium, Al. Br. " Similarly scattered and abun-
dant in cool, damp soil of woodlands and open fields from the
sandy plains by the lake to the very mountain summits."
Pringle.

B. ternatum, Sw. Pastures and hillsides throughout the
State.

B. ternatum, Sw. var. obliquum, Mill. Hills, "cool sandy
soil of open fields." Pringle.

B. ternatum, Sw. var. dissectum, Mill. Found in similar
localities as the last.

B. lanceolatum, Angs. Not common, cool woods.

B. Virginianum, Sw. Woods throughout the State.

FILICES.

463. POLTPODIUM, L.

p. vulgare, L. Common on damp, shaded cliffs and rocks.

66
464. Adiantum, L. Maiden hair Fern.
A. pedatum, L. Common in clamp woods and hillsides.

465. Pteris, L.
P. aquilina, L. Common in fields and open woods.

466. PelljEa, Link.

P. gracilis, Hook. Wet cliffs in various localities.

P. atropurpurea, L. Limestone cliffs. Not common.

467. WocDWARDiA, Smith.
W. Virginica, Sm. Pond in Colchester. Kare.

468. ASPLENIUM, L.

A. Trichomanes, L. Common on cliffs of limestone rock.

A. ebeneum, Ait. Less abundant than the last; in damp, rocky
soil.

A. viride, Huds. Mt. Mansfield, Pringle ; Sterhng Moun-
tain, Perkins.

A. angustifolium, Mx. Not common. Damp woods.

A. Ruta-muraria, L. Not common. Limestone cliffs.

A. thelypteroides, Mx. Woods. Not common.

A. fllix fCBmina, Bern. Om- most abundant species.

469. Camptosokus, Link. Walking Fern.

C. rhizophyllus, Link. Common on rocks in Western Ver-
mont.

470. Phegopteris, Fee.

P. polypodioides, Fee. Common. Woods and shaded banks.

P. hexagonoptera, Fee. Not common. Woods.

P. Dryopteris, Fee. Common. Open woods. Swamps.

471. AspiDiuM, Sw.

A. acrostichoides, Sw. Dry woods. Common.

A. aculeatum, Sw. Var. Braunii. Koch. Abundant by
souie mountain brooks.

A. Noveboracense, Sw. Common, especially in mountain
forests.

A. Thelypteris, Sw. Very common in swampy fields.

A. fragrans, Sw. Mt. Mansfield and Camel's Hump, Pringle.

A. cristatuin, Sw. Not rare, Avoods and damp banks.

A. cristatum, Sw. Var. Olintonianum, Eaton. Swamps.
Common.

A. Goldianum, Hook. Damp, rich woods, not comn a.

A. niarginale, Sw. Common.

A. spinulosum, Sw. Common. Swamps.

A. spinulosum, var. intermedium, Willd. ^\cods. Com-
mon.

67

A. spinulosum, var. dilitatum, Gray. Moist woods on

mountains, near the summits.
A. Boottii, Gray. Woods, not very common.

472, Cystoptbris, Bern,

O. bulbifera, Bern. Shaded ravines. Not common generally.
0. fragilis, Bern. Rocky woods. Very common.

473. Onoclea, L.

0. sensibilis, L. Common in meadows and damp places.
O. Struthiopteris, Hosf. {StruthiopteHs Germanica, W.)
Common along streams and in wet places.

474. "WooDSiA, R. Br.

W. Ilvensis, R. Br. On rocks. Common.

W. hyperborea, R- Br. Mansfield and Willoughby Mts.

Priugle. Very rare.
W. glabella, R. Br. Willoughby Mt. Wood ; Mansfield and

Bakersfield ledge, Pringle ; Sterling Mt., Perkins, Bates.
W. obtusa. Torr. Rocky hillsides.

475. DicKSONiA, L'Her.

D. pilosiuscula, Will. (D. punctilobula, K.) Common in moist
woods.

476. OSMUNDA, L.

O. regalis, L. Swamps. Common.

O. Olaytoniana, L. Common.

O. cinnamomea, L. Pastures. Common.

LYOOPODIACEiE.

477. Lycop^dium. Ground Pine. Running Pine.

L. SelagO, L. Mountain summits.

L. innundatum, L. Sterling Pond, Pringle ; Ripton and Wal-

lingford, and elsewhere, Brainerd.

L. lucidulum, Mx. Mountain forests. Common.

L. annotinum, L. Woods.

L. dendroidnm, Mx. Woods. Common.

L. clavatum, L. Dry woods. Common.

L. complanatum, L. Woods. Common.

SELAGINELLAOE^.

478. Selaginella, Beauv.

S. rupestris, Sp. Dry rocks. Common.
S. apns, Sp. Damp ground. Not common.

68
ISOETAOE^.
479. IsoETEs, L.

I. echinospora, Braun. Shallow ponds.

I. echinospora, Dur. Var. Brannii, Eug. Lake of the Clouds,

Mt. Mansfield. Peacham, Blanchard.
I. echinospora, Dur. Var. robnsta, Eng. Noithern end of

Isle La. Motte, Priugle.
I. ripraia, Eng. Borders of streams and ponds.
I. Englemanni, Braun. Var. gracihs, Gray C. C. Frost.

69

I NDEX.

Page.

Abies 64 [

Abutiloa 15

Acalypha 44

Acanthacese 39

Acer 17 I

Achillea 30

Acnida 41

Acorus 54

Actcea 9

Adiantum 66

Adluraia 10

^sculus 18

Agrimonia 21

Agropyrum 63

Agrostis 61

Aira 62

Alsma 54

Alismacese 54

Allium 50

Alnus 46

Alopecunis 60

Amarantus 41

Amarantacese 41

Amaryllidacese 50

Ambrosia 29

Amelanchier 22

Ammophila 61

Ampelopsis 17

Amphicarpcea 19

Anacardiacese 18

Anacharis 48

Anagallis .,, , 34

Anaphalis ,. 29

Amlromeda 33

Andropogon 60

Anemone 8

Anemonella 8

Antennaria 29

Anthemis 30

Anthoxanthum 60

Anychia 15

Aphyllon 38

Apios 19

Aplectram 18

Apocynacese 35

Apocynum 35

Aquifoliaceae 16

Aquilegia 9

Arabia 12

Aracese 53

Aralia 25

Page.

Araliacea3 25

Arcbangelica 25

Arctium 31

Arctostaphylos 33

Arenaria 14

Arethusa 49

Arisaema 53

Aristida 60

AristolocbiacefB 43

Arrhenanthemum 62

Artemisia 30

Asarum 43

Asclepiadaceae 35

Asclepias 35

Asparagus 51

Aspidium 66

Asplenium : 66

Asprella 63

Aster 28

Astragalus 19

Atriplex 42

Avena 62

Bartonia 36

Barbarea 12

Berberidaceae 9

Berberis 9

Betula 45

Betulacese 45

Bidens 30

Blephilia 40

Blitum 42

Boehmeria---- 45

Borraginacese 36

Botrychium 65

Brachyelytrum 61

Brasenia 10

Brassica 12

Briza 62

Bromus 63

Brunella 40

Calamagrotis 61

Calamintha 40

Calla 53

Callitrichaceae 44

Callitriche 44

Calopogon 49

Caltha 9

Calypso 49

Calystegia 37

Camelina 12

Campanula 32

70

Page.

Campaaulacea3 32

Camptosorus 66

Cannabis 45

Capparidacefe 13

Caprifoliacete 26

Capsella 12

(Jaidamine 11

Carex 56

Carpinus 46

Carya 45

Caryopbyllacese , 14

Cassandra 33

Cassia 19

Castanea 46

Castilleia 38

Caulopliylium 10

Ccanothus 17

CelastracejB , 17

Celastrus 17

Celtis 44

Cenclirus 60

Cephalanthus 27

Cerastium 14

Ceratophyllaccse 44

Ceratophyllum 44

Chelidonium 10

Chelone 37

Chenopodificese 41

Chenopodium 41

CliirDaphila , 34

CMogenes 33

Chrysanthemum 30

Chrysopogon 60

Chrysosplenium 22

Cichorium 31

Cicuta 24

Cimicifuga 9

Cinna 61

Circsea 24

Cirsium 31

Cistacese 13

Cladinm 56

Claytonia 15

Clematis 8

Clintonia 51

Cnicus 31

Comandra 43

Compositae 64

Coniferse 27

Coniolselimim 25

Conium 24

Conopholis 39

ConvolvulaceaB 37

Convolvulus 37

Coptis 9

Corallorhiza 48

Cornacese 26

Cornus 26

Corylus 46

Page.

Corydalis 11

Crassulacese .-. 22

Crataegus 21

Cruciferse 11

Cryptotsenia 25

Cucurbitacese 24

Cupuliferse 46

Cuscuta 37

Cynoglossum 36

Cyperacese 55

Cyperus 55

Cypripedium 50

Cystopteris 67

Dactylis 61

Dalibarda 20

Danthonia 61

Datura 37

Daucus 25

Dentaria 11

Deschampsia 61

Desmodium 19

Deyeuxia GO

Dianthera 39

Dianthus 14

DiapensaceaB 34

Diapensia 34

Dicentra ... 11

Dicksonia 67

Diervilla 27

Dipsaceae 27

Dipsacus 27

Dirca 43

Draba 11

Drosera 23

Droseracese 23

Dulichium 55

Eatonia 62

Echinocystis 24

Echinospermum 36

Echium 36

Elaeagnacese 43

Eleocharis 55

Elodes 15

Elymus 63

Empetraceae 44

Empetrum 42

Epigaea 33

Epilobium 24

Epiphegus 39

Equisetaceae 65

Equisetum 65

Eragrostis 62

Erecthites 31

Ericaceae 32

Erigeron 29

Eriocaulonacea? 52

Eiiocaulon 52

Eriophorum 56

Erodium..... 16

71

Page.

Erysimum 13

Erythronium 50

Euonymus 17

Eupatorium 27

Euphorbia 44

Euphorbiaceoe 44

Fagopynim 43

Fagus 46

Festuca 63

Ficoidese 24

Filices 65

Fimbristylis 56

Floerkea 16

Fragaria 20

Fiaxinus 35

Fumaria 11

Fumariaceae 10

Galeopsis 41

Galium 27

Gaulteria - 33

Gaylussacia 32

Gentiana 35

Gentianacese 16

Geraniaceje 16

Geranium 16

Gerardia 38

Geum 20

Gnaphalium 29

Glyceria 63

Goodyera 49

Graminese 59

Graphephorum 63

Gratiola 37

Habenaria 49

Halenia 36

Haloragege.l 23

Hamamelacese 23

Hamamelis 23

Hedeoma 40

Hedysarum 19

Helianthemum 13

Helianthus 30

Hemerocalis , 52

Heraclevnu 25

Hieracium 31

Hierochloa 60

Hippuris 23

Holcus 61

Houstonia 27

Hudsonia 13

Humulus 45

Hydiocharidaceae 48

Hydrocotyle 24

Hydrophyllaceoe 36

Hydrophyllum 36

Hyoscyamus 37

Hypericacesc 15

Hypericum 15

Hypoxis 50

Page.

Hyssopus 40

Ilex 16

Ilicinese 16

Ilysanthes 38

Impatiens 16

Inula 29

Iridacese 50

Iris 50

Isanthus , 39

Isatis 12

Isoetaceaj , 68

lEoetes - 68

Juglandacese 45

Juglans 45

Juncacete 52

Juncus 52

Juniperus 64

Kalmia 33

Kceleria 62

Krigia 31

Labiatse 39

Lactuca 31

Laportea 45

Lappa 31

Larix 64

Lathyrus 19

Lam-acege 43

Lechea 13

Ledum 33

Leersia 60

Leguminosse 18

Lemna 54

Lemnacese 54

Lentibulacese 39

Leontodon 31

Leonurus 31

Lepidium 12

Lespedeza 19

Leucanthemum 30

Leucothoe 33

Ligustrum 35

Lilaceoe 50

Lilium 51

Linaceas 16

Linaria 37

Lindera 43

Linnea 26

Linum , 16

Liparis 48

Liriodendron 9

Listera 48

Lithospermum 36

Littorella 41

Lobelia 32

Lobeliaceae 32

Lolium 63

Lonicera 26

Lophanthus.... 40

Ludwigia 24

72

Page.

Lupinus ,. 18

Luzula 53

Lychnis 14

Lycopsis 36

Lycopus 40

Lycopodiaceae 67

Lycopodium 67

Lysimachia 34

Lytliraccse 23

Lythrum 23

Magnoliaceae 9

Maianthemum 51

Malva 15

Malvaceae 15

Marrubium 41

Maruta 30

Medeola 51

Mcdicago 18

Melampyrum 38

Mt lastomacese 23

Melilotus 18

Melissa 40

Menispermaceae 9

Menispermum 9

Mentha 39

Menyanthes 36

Microstylis 48

Milium 61

Mimulus 37

Mitchella 27

Mitella 23

Mollugo 24

Monarda 40

Moneses 34

Monotropa 34

Morus 44

Muhlenbergia 61

Myosotis 36

Myrica 45

Myricaceae 45

Myriophyllum 23

Nasturtium 11

Negundo 17

Nemopanlhes 16

Nepeta 40

Nesea 23

Niadaceae 54

Nias , 54

Nicandra 37

Nuphar 10

Nymphaea 10

Nymphaeaceae 10

Nyssa 26

Oakesia 51

(Enothera 24

Oleaceae 35

Onagraceae. 24

Onoclea 67

Ouopordon 31

Page.

Ophioglossaceae 65

Ophioglossum 65

Orchidaceae 48

Orchis 49

Orobanchaceae 38

Oryzopsis 61

Osmorrhiza 25

Osmunda 67

Ostrya 46

Oxalis 16

Oxycoccus 33

Panicum 59

Papaver 10

Papaveraceae 10

Parictaria 45

Parnassia 22

Paronychiae 15

Paspalum 59

Pastinaca 25

Pedicularis 38

Peltea 66

Peltandra 53

Penthorun 22

Penstemon 38

Perularia 49

Petasites 30

Pucedanum 25

Phalaris 60

Phegopteris 66

Phleum 61

Phragmites 63

Phryma 39

Physalis 37

Physostegia 41

Phytolacca 43

Phytolaccaceie 42

Picea , 64

Pilea 45

Pimpinella 25

Pinguicula - 39

Pinus 64

Pirus -- 31

Plantaginaceap 41

Plantago 41

Platanaceae 45

Platanus 45

Poa 63

Podophyllum - 10

Podostemaceae 43

Podostemum 43

Pogonia 49

Polanisia 13

Polemoniaceae 36

Polemonium 36

Polygala 13

Polygalaceaj 13

Polygonaceeae 43

Polygonatum 51

Polygonum 43

73

Page.

Polypodium 65

Pontederia 53

Pontederiacese 52

Populus 47

Portulaca 15

Portulacacete 15

Potamogetoa 54

Potentiila 21

Poterium 21

Pieaanthes 31

Primula 34

Primulaceae 34

Proserpinaca 23

Prunus... 20

Pteridophyta 65

Pteris 66

Pterospora 34

Pycnantliemum 40

Pyrola 34

Quercus 46

Ranunculacese 8

Ranunculus •. 9

Rhaphanus 12

Rhamnacepe 17

Rhamuus 17

Rhexia 23

Rhododendron 33

Rhus 18

Rhynchospora 56

Ribes 23

Robinia 18

Rosa 21

Rosaceae 20

Rubiaceae 27

Rubus 20

Rudbeckia. 29

Rumex 42

Rutaceae 16

Sagina 14

Sagittaria 54

Salicaceas 46

Salix 46

Sambucus 26

Samolus 35

Saguinaria 10

Sanicula 24

Santalaceoe 43

^apindaceae 17

Sapouaria 14

Sarracenia 10

Sarraceniaceaj 10

Sassafras 43

Saxifraga 23

Saxifragaceae 22

Scheuchzeria 54

SchoUera 52

Scirpus 56

Scleria 56

Scrophularia 37

Page.

ScropbulariacooG 37

Scutellaria 40

Sedum 23

Selaginella 67

Seliuum 25

Senecio 30

Sericocarpus 28

Setaia 60

Shepherdia 43

Sicyos 24

Silene 14

Sisymbrium 13

Sisyrhinchium 49

Slum 25

SmillaceaB 50

Smillaciua 51

Smilax 50

Solanaceae 37

So'anum 37

Solidago 28

Sonchus 32

Sparganium 53

Spartina 60

Specularia 32

Spergula 15

Spiraea -. ,. 20

Spiranthes 48

Spirodella 54

Sporobulus 61

Stachys 41

Staphylea 17

Steironema 34

Stellana 14

Streptopus 50

Symphytum 36

Symphoricarpus 26

Symplocarpus 53

Tanacetum 30

Taraxacum 31

Taxus 64

Teucrium 39

Thalictrum 8

Tbaspium 25

Thlaspi 13

Thuya 64

Thymelaceas 43

Tiarella 23

Tiliaceae 16

Tilia 16

Tipularia 49

Tofeldia 53

Tragopogon 31

Trichostema 41

Trientalis 34

Trifolium 18

Trillium 51

Triodia 63

Triosteum 26

Trisetum 64

74

Page.

Tsuga 62

Tussilago 30

Typha 53

Typhaceje 53

Ulnius 44

Umbelliferae 24

Urtica 44

Urticacese 44

Urticularia 39

Uvularia 51

Vaccinium 32

Valeriana 27

Valerianacege 27

Vallisneria 48

Veratrum 52

Verbascum 37

Verbena 39

Verbenaceaj 39

Page.

Veronica 38

Viburnum 26

Vicia 19

Vincetoxicum 35

Viola 13

Violacese 13

Vitacese 17

Vitis 17

Waldsteinia 20

Woodsia 67

Woodwardia 66

Xanthium 29

Xanthoxylum 16

Xyridacese 52

Xyris 52

Zannichelia 54

Zizania 60

Zygadenus 51

New York Botanical Garden Library

43K 145 .P45 18868 gen

Perkins, George Hen/Catalogue of the flo

5185 00126 1823